生长季苹果枝干轮纹病病菌分生孢子释放的决定性因素

Decisive Factor of Conidiospore Release of Botryosphaeria berengeriana de Not. f. sp. piricola on Apple Branches

[目的]探明生长季苹果枝干轮纹病菌分生孢子的释放条件,了解分生孢子的释放动态。[方法]在2008和2009年2个生长季对苹果枝干轮纹病菌分生孢子的释放进行系统调查,结合病原菌大量释放前后的气象数据采集,对造成轮纹病菌大量释放的气象条件进行分析。[结果]在一个生长季中病原菌的分生孢子会出现多个大量释放高峰。在温度适宜的条件下,当降雨持续进行4h后,苹果轮纹病病菌的分生孢子就开始大量释放,4～12h释放的分生孢子数量达到高峰且趋于稳定,24h后释放的分生孢子数目明显减少,在36h后明显减少并趋于消失,至72h完全消失。[结论]引发苹果轮纹病病菌分生孢子大量释放的主导因素是降雨,而其中降雨的持续时间起着决定性的作用。

[Objective]The study aimed to explore the releasing conditions for the conidiospore of Botryosphaeria berengeriana de Not.f.sp.piricola on apple branches and understand the releasing dynamic of conidiospore.[Method]The systematical survey on the releasing conditions for the conidiospore of B.berengeriana were conducted in 2 growing seasons in 2008 and 2009 and combined with the selection of the meteorological data,the weather conditions causing a mass release of B.berengeriana were analyzed.[Result]In a growing season,the conidia of pathogenic bacteria appeared more peaks of mass release.Under the suitable temperature,when the rainfall continued 4h,the conidiospore of B.berengeriana began releasing in a great quantity,the quantity of conidiospore released for 4-12 h reached the peak and trended to be stable,that released for 24 h was obvious decrease,and that released for 36 h was obvious decrease also and trended to disappear,and lastly,until to 72 h it was disappeared completely.[Conclusion]The leading factor that induced the mass release of conidiospore of B.berengeriana was the rainfall,in which the duration of rainfall played the decisive action.