猪舍微生物气溶胶污染特性研究

Characteristics of Airborne Microorganism Pollution in Pig House

[目的]研究不同类型猪舍内微生物气溶胶污染特性,为微生物气溶胶对人畜健康影响的风险评价提供理论依据。[方法]以北京某养猪场妊娠母猪舍、保育舍和生长育肥舍为对象,对不同类型猪舍内空气微生物浓度、粒径分布和组成特性进行检测。[结果]受通风、清粪和养殖数量的影响,不同类型猪舍中微生物污染浓度不同,尤以保育舍最高,有26%～27%的异养细菌和39%～43%的真菌粒子的粒径为0.65～2.10μm,可进入人、畜的肺泡,对人畜呼吸道构成感染威胁。芽胞杆菌(Bacillus)和假单孢菌(Pseudomonas)为优势异养细菌,曲霉(Aspergillus)和毛霉(Mucor)为优势真菌。[结论]不同类型猪舍中微生物气溶胶污染浓度明显不同,而微生物组成与猪舍类型之间无显著相关性。

[Objective]To explore the characteristics of bioaerosol pollution in different pig houses and provide theoretical basis for risk assessment of microbial aerosols on human and animal health.[Method]Gestation barn,nursery and fattening unit in certain pig house of Beijing were chosen as research objects and the concentration,size distribution and composition characteristics of the airborne microorganisms were determined.[Result]The concentrations of airborne microorganisms were completely different in different units under the influence of ventilation,methods of cleaning manure and pig populations,particularly highest in the nursery unit.26%-27% of heterotrophic bacteria and 39%-43% of fungi were carried by particle with a diameters size between 0.65-2.10 μm.They could reach alveolus of people and animals and can make infectious threatening for their health.The predominant heterotrophic bacteria genera were composed Bacillus and Pseudomonas,while Aspergillus and Mucor were the predominant fungi.[Conclusion]Concentrations of airborne microorganisms were completely different in different units,but there was no significant difference between the microbial community structure and type of pig houses.