基于农户行为的复垦耕地质量研究——以徐州市柳新镇复垦区为例

Study of Reclaimed Land Quality Based on the Farmers Behavior

复垦耕地的质量不仅与复垦方式有关,而且与农民的生活水平和农户行为息息相关。以徐州市铜山县柳新镇复垦区的耕地作为调查研究对象,基于问卷调查方法,对柳新镇复垦区的农户进行调查,对收集到的数据采用统计学方法,利用SPSS软件和Excel进行数据分析。结果表明,在农户对复垦耕地质量的感性认识的调查中,持满意及非常满意态度的农户达42.5%,所占比例较高,由于非农收益日益提高,6%的农户对复垦耕地质量持无所谓的态度;在农户对复垦耕地质量的理性认识的调查中,粉煤灰充填土壤的含氮量和有机质含量明显低于煤矸石充填土壤和对照区土壤;现行农户的生产种植习惯并未有效地提高复垦区耕地质量,大部分农户按照习惯进行种植生产,应加强对农户的思想引导,科学种植,提高复垦耕地质量;复垦耕地年产量在第1年很低,随着投入的增加和地力的恢复,复垦耕地的年产量逐渐增长,趋近于正常单位产量。基于此,提出了相应的对策:一是改良土壤碱性,提高地力;二是重视技术指导,科学种植;三是严格执行复垦标准。

The quality of reclaimed land not only relates to the way of reclamation, but also has close relations to farmers＇ living standard and households＇ behaviors. Taking the farmland in the reclamation region of the Liuxin County, Tougshan Town, Xuzhou as the survey objects, we conduct a survey on peasant households in the reclamation region by the way of questionnaire. The data collected from the survey are analyzed by using scientific statistical methods, including SPSS software and Excel The results show that in the investigation of peasant households＇ per- ceptual knowledge towards the quality of reclaimed land, 42.5% of them holds the satisfactory and extremely satisfactory attitudes, which take relatively high percentage. As a result of the increase of non-agricultural income, 6% of peasant households are indifferent to the quality of the reclaimed land. During the investigation of peasant households＇ rational knowledge towards the quality of the reclaimed land, the nitrogen con- tent and organic content in soil filled by pulverized fuel ash are significantly lower than that in the soil filled by coal gangue and that in soil in the contrast area. The current production and planting pattern of peasant households has not improved the quality of farmland in the reclaimed area effectively and most peasant households still use the traditional way of cultivating. Hence, it is necessary to strengthen the guide on the thought patterns of peasant households, to cultivate scientifically and to enhance the quality of reclaimed farmland. The yields of the reclaimed farmland are low in the primary year, but with the increases of input and the restoration of the land, the annual yields will increase gradually, and gradually approaches to the usual yields. Based on it, the corresponding countermeasures are put forward： for one thing, improving soil al- kalescency and enhancing soil fertility; for another thing, attaching much attention to technological directions, scientific cultivation and carry out the standards of reclamation strictly.