南方粳型超级稻物质生产积累及超高产特征的研究

Characteristics of Dry Matter Production and Accumulation and Super-High Yield of Japonica Super Rice in South China

以超级粳稻品种武粳15、淮稻9号、徐稻3号和常优1号为材料,对高产（8.25~9.75thm？2）、更高产（9.75~11.25thm？2）和超高产（〉11.25thm？2）3个产量等级群体的物质生产与产量的关系、干物质积累、输出与转运等方面进行了系统的比较研究。结果表明,4个超级稻品种成熟期、抽穗至成熟期的干物质重与产量呈极显著正相关,抽穗期干物质重均与产量呈抛物线关系,拔节至抽穗期的干物质重与产量呈极显著正相关（高产—更高产、更高产—超高产以及将3个产量等级综合起来）;从高产到更高产再到超高产,4个超级稻品种的生物学产量不断提高（差异显著）,而超高产群体的经济系数则与更高产水平相当（0.5000以上）,显著高于高产水平;较之更高产、高产群体,超高产群体在生育中期（拔节至抽穗期）干物质积累量大,抽穗期叶面积指数高、株型挺拔、群体质量优[有效叶面积率、高效叶面积率、总颖花量与颖花/叶（cm2）、基部节间粗、单茎茎鞘重均高],在生育后期（抽穗至成熟期）,光合能力强（叶面积衰减率小,光合势、群体生长率、净同化率均高）、干物质积累量高（占生物学产量的40.0%以上）、茎鞘物质的输出与转运协调[实粒/叶（cm2）、粒重（mg）/叶（cm2）均高]。

The relationship between dry matter production and yield,dynamics of dry matter accumulation and output and translocation in middle and last stages of three types of populations（High Yield：8.25-9.75 t ha-1;Higher Yield：9.75-11.25 t ha-1;Super High Yield：11.25 t ha-1） in four japonica super rice（Wujing 15,Huaidao 9,Xudao 3 and Changyou 1） were analyzed.The results showed that yield was significantly positively correlated with weight of dry matter at maturity and the dry matter accumulation from heading to maturity,there were parabolic relationships between yield and weight of dry matter at heading in high yield,higher yield and super-high yield populations.Weight of dry matter from jointing to heading was significantly positively correlated with yield from high yield population to higher yield population and from higher yield population to super-high yield population.Super-high yield population had more biomass at maturity than higher yield and high yield populations,and the harvest index was not significantly higher than that of higher yield population,but was significantly higher than that of high yield population.Weight of dry matter,LAI in heading,rate of leaf area of productive tillers,rate of leaf area from flag leaf to 3rd leaf,spikelets of population and spikelets per square centimeter leaf area in middle stage（from jointing to heading） were significantly higher than these of higher yield and high yield populations.Leaf area decreasing per day of super-high yield population from heading to maturity was significantly less than that of higher yield and high yield populations.Leaf area duration,crop growth rate,net assimilation rate,biomass and grain-leaf ratio（filled grains per square centimeter leaf area,grain weight per square centimeter leaf area） from heading to maturity were significantly higher than these of higher yield and high yield populations.Output and translocation of dry matter in super-high yield population from heading to milky stages were significantly higher than these of higher yield and high yield populations,while these from heading to maturity were significantly lower than these of higher yield and high yield populations.Weight per stem and sheath and total filling in maturity of super-high yield population were significantly higher than these of higher yield and high yield populations.