控释肥对坡耕地花生生理特性、产量及品质的影响

Effect of Controlled Release Fertilizer on Physiological Characteristics,Yield and Quality of Peanut in Slope Field

选用山东省大面积种植的花生品种小白沙,在不同坡度、相同降雨侵蚀条件下,以普通复合肥为对照,研究了控释复合肥对大田花生生理特性、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,在不同坡度、相同施肥水平下,与相同坡度普通肥料相比,控释肥能提高花生生长后期叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）和气孔导度（Gs）,有效地降低气孔限制值（Ls）;改善花生植株氮、磷、钾积累量和养分当季利用效率;单株结果数提高7.1%~36.0%,百仁重提高5.8%~9.7%,荚果产量和生物产量都有增加,其中坡度为10°时,荚果产量和生物产量分别提高17.1%和3.8%,15°时分别提高15.7%和15.7%;花生籽粒的粗脂肪、蛋白质含量都高于对照。同时,随着坡度的增大,控释复合肥和普通复合肥处理的花生叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）、花生体内氮、磷、钾积累量、肥料养分当季利用效率、荚果产量和生物产量均有不同程度的降低,但同种肥料不同坡度处理间花生籽粒品质差异不显著。

Slope field has been one of the major factors limiting peanut（Arachis hypogea） production in Shandong province.Improving fertilizer use efficiency and reducing nutrients loss play an important role to obtain high yield and quality in slope field.Previous studies have shown controlled release fertilizer can release nutrients to soil during peanut growing season and improve yield and quality.In the experiment,four treatments of man-made slopes in 0°,5°,10°,and 15° were set in field conditions.The results showed that the controlled release fertilizer increased the leaf chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance and decreased stomatal limitation（Ls） in the leaf during the late growth stage,and improved the accumulation amount and use efficiency of N,P,and K,and increased pods per plant by 7.1%-36.0%,100-kernel weight by 5.8%-9.7%,pod yield by 17.1%,and total biomass by 3.8% when the slope was 10°,pod yield by 15.7% and total biomass by 15.7% when the slope was 15°.The controlled release fertilizer also improved the protein and fat contents.In addition,when the slope increased,the leaf chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate（Pn）,transpiration rate（Tr）,stomatal conductance（Gs）,the accumulation amount and use efficiency of N,P,and K,pod yield and total biomass under using the two kinds of fertilizers decreased by a certain extent.But the differences for the same fertilizer among different slopes were not significant.