重庆地区儿童变应性鼻炎患者吸入变应原调查分析

Aeroallergen spectrum for Chongqing children patients with allergic rhinitis

目的调查重庆地区儿童变应性鼻炎(AR)患者的常见变应原,分析其相关因素。方法采用13种标准化变应原对673例AR患儿进行皮肤点刺试验,并结合性别、年龄、居住环境及哮喘史等临床资料进行分析。结果阳性率较高的几种变应原依次为粉尘螨、屋尘螨、热带螨、花粉Ⅳ、美洲大蠊、狗毛、猫毛、德国小蠊等。变应原阳性率高低与年龄及居住环境显著相关,与性别无关。变应性鼻炎组与变应性鼻炎合并哮喘组中,变应原阳性率及阳性等级分布差异无统计学意义。结论重庆地区儿童AR患者主要过敏原为尘螨,其阳性率高低与年龄及居住环境有关。AR是否发展为哮喘,与变应原种类及反应强度无显著关系。

Objective To determine aeroallergens of children patients with allergic rhinitis in Chongqing and to analyze its related factors.Methods Skin prick test was carried out in 673 cases with allergic rhinitis using 13 inhaled allergens.Combining clinical information was analysed.Results The most common allergens found were dermatophagoides farinae and dermatophagoides pteronyssinus,tropical mite,pollen Ⅳ periplaneta Americana,dog hair,cat hair,blattella.The degree of positive reaction was significantly related to age and housing environment.The degree of positive reaction had no significant difference between allergic rhinitis and allergic rhintis complicated with asthma.Conclusion The major allergen of children patients with allergic rhinitis is mite,and the degree of positive reaction relates to age and housing enviroment.It is not related to species of aeroallergens and reaction intensity,if allergic rhinitis develops asthma.