近15年中国青少年学生匹兹堡睡眠质量指数调查结果的元分析

A meta-analysis of sleep quality studies with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in young students over the past 15 years in China

目的：考察近15年来中国青少年学生睡眠质量及其研究状况.方法：通过文献检索,收集49篇以匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,PSQI）作为测评工具的青少年学生睡眠质量研究报告.以正常成人为参照,将这些研究报告的数据转换为效应量,并采用多水平技术的元分析方法对其进行再分析.49篇研究报告的时间跨度为1994～2009年,样本量为41130人.结果：（1）以正常成人为参照标准,青少年学生PSQI总分平均效应量为0.910（0.853〈ESSM〈0.967）,其中,初中生、高中生和大学生PSQI总分平均效应量分别为0.289（0.076〈sm〈0.502）、0.942（0.781〈ESsm〈1.103）和1.191（1.133〈ESsm〈1.249）;（2）以女生为参照标准,男生PSQI总分平均效应量为0.012（-0.053〈ESsm〈0.077）;（3）在多水平模型中,出版年代变量的β值为0.063,有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论：青少年学生,特别是大学生和高中生睡眠质量不容乐观;青少年学生睡眠质量的性别差异不显著;青少年学生睡眠质量有随年代而逐步变差的趋势.

Objective： To review the studies during the latest 15 years on sleep quality of young students in China.Methods： Through literature search, we consulted 49 articles, with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI） as measure tool to investigate the sleep quality of Chinese young students between the years 1994 - 2009. The sample size was 41130. The data of these articles were converted to effect sizes via comparing with the total score of PSQI in normal adults and the effect sizes were analyzed by meta-analysis based on multilevel modeling. Results： （ 1 ） Comparing to the normal adults, the average effect size of the PSQI total score in young students was 0. 853 〈 ESsM 〈 0. 967 ）, and the effect sizes were 0. 289 （ 0. 076 〈 ESsm 〈 0. 502 ）, 0. 942 （ 0. 781 〈ESsm 〈 1. 103 ）, and 1. 191 （1. 133 〈ESsm 〈 1. 249） in junior high school students, senior high school students and college students, respectively. （2） Comparing to males, the average effect size of the PSQI total scores in females was 0. 012 （ - 0. 053 〈 ESsm 〈 0. 077 ） . （ 3 ） In the multilevel model, the coefficient of year-of-publication was 0. 063, which had statistical significance. Conclusion ： Chinese young students, especially college students and senior high school students don＇t have high-quality sleep. In general, as the year goes on, the sleep quality of Chinese young students shows a tendency toward worsening.