2Edwin Mansfeild. Microeconomics[M]. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. 1994. 313-317.
3Campbell R Mcconnell, Stanley L Brue. Microeconomics[M]. Mcgraco-Hill Publishing Company, 1990. 232-233.
4陆大(纟金).随机过程及其应用[M]清华大学出版社,1986.
5Dennis L. Weisman,Jaesung Kang. Incentives for Discrimination when Upstream Monopolists Participate in Downstream Markets[J] 2001,Journal of Regulatory Economics(2):125~139