中德保险法中的消费者保护比较研究——以保险合同法总则为重点

《德国保险合同法》和我国《保险法》的最新修改都体现了对消费者的保护。《德国保险合同法》订立原则放弃了保险单模式,采取申请模式或邀请模式;全面改进了保险人和中间人的指导义务和信息义务,增强了保险透明度;统一规定了书面的义务履行方式和保险人与中间人的文献资料义务,有助于减少证明困难;确立了投保人的撤回权,在归责原则上放弃了全有全无原则,采取比例规则,极大地提高了对消费者的保护。我国新《保险法》虽然改善了对消费者的保护,但不尽如人意之处仍然很多。《德国保险合同法》的具体制度规定给我们提供了很好的借鉴。

The key point on the new reform of the German Insurance Contract Law and the Chinese Insurance Law is to protect the consumers＇ right.In the conclusion principle of the previous German Insurance Contract Law,policy model is replaced by the application model or the invitation model,which,therefore,has improved the obligations of the insurers and the agents in guiding and informing,so that the transparence of the contract is increased.The performance of the obligations must adopt the written form,and documentary obligations of the insurers and the agents are stipulated,which help reduce the proving difficulty.The withdrawal right is allowed to the insured,the all-or-nothing of the liability principles is banished and replaced by the quota one,thus it results in the protecting of the insured.Although our newly-made Insurance Law has improved the protection for the insured,it still has many disadvantages.Therefore,the German Insurance Contract Law takes a good example for us.