中医“证”“象”的现代哲学解读

Understanding of "Zheng" and "Xiang" in Chinese Traditional Medicine from the View of Modern Philosophy

百余年来对中医学的捆绑,皆根源于物质本原论哲学,而物质本原论属于还原论。现代科学和中医学的理论与实践已证明,物质并非宇宙的本原和唯一实在,关系存在要比物质实体更为本始,更为丰富。"证"为病"象",所标示的是人之生命系统的自然整体关系,其内涵和所藏信息远大于生命系统的物质构成,并对其有统摄作用。辨证论治不细究因果关系,却把握并合理处置了全部相关因果关系。中医之"证"和"象",不能还原为西医之"体",二者属于在认识上永远不能沟通的两个层面。中医之"证",是独立的能够自成体系的科学领域,有自己的无限发展远景。中医在发展的过程中,一切现代科学和西医学的成果都可以考虑为我所用,但一定不可放弃以"证"/"象"为本位,一定要保持对对象自然整体状态的全面考察。超越片面性哲学的束缚之难,是中医存亡与发展的根本所在;同时,在面对这种难局的斗争中,从中医的视角,更加彰显中国古代科学思维的伟大成就。维护和弘扬中医学,既是时代赋予我们发展中国医学事业的使命,也是发展中国科学事业的使命。

For over a hundred years,the overall notions in traditional Chinese medical science all rooted in metaphysical philosophical theories on origin,which belongs to reductionism.It has been proved by modern science and traditional Chinese medical science that matter is not the universal principle and the only reality,the existence of relations is more basic and more abundant than matter. The ＂zheng＂ is the ＂xiang＂ of an illness,indicating the overall relations between man＇s life system and the nature,whose connotation and hidden messages are far bigger than the forming matter of the life system,and have governing functions over the life system.The treatment based on syndrome differentiation does not canvass the relations of cause and effect,but grasps all the relevant relations of cause and effect for rational treatment.The ＂zheng＂ and ＂xiang＂ in traditional Chinese medicine cannot find counterpart in Western medicine,as they belong to two different layers in cognitions that cannot be linked.The ＂zheng＂ in traditional Chinese medicine is a science field with its own individual system and infinite developing perspective.In the developing process of traditional Chinese medicine,all modern science and achievement of Western medicine can be taken use of,but the orientation of ＂zheng＂/ ＂xiang＂ should never be abandoned,the overall inspection of the observed and the total natural status is to be maintained.Exceeding the binding of one-sidedness in philosophy is the fundamentals for the survival and development of traditional Chinese medicine;and at the mean time,in the struggle against such a dilemma,from the view of traditional Chinese medicine,the great achievement of Chinese ancient scientific thinking is more obviously demonstrated.Maintaining and upholding traditional Chinese medicine is not only the mission the epoch endowed us to develop the cause of Chinese medicine,but also the mission to develop the cause of Chinese science.