丽江市大气花粉分布及其与变态反应性疾病的关系

Distribution of Urban Airborne Pollen and Relationship between the Airborne Pollen and Allergic Diseases in Lijiang

目的为探明丽江市空气中花粉飘散特点,为当地变态反应性疾病患者提供特异性诊断、治疗和预防的依据。方法采用重力沉淀法,于2007年11月1日至2009年10月31日对丽江市进行连续2年的大气花粉曝片调查,同时对470例变态反应性疾病患者进行花粉变应原皮试,并询问发病季节。结果丽江市空气中常年有花粉飘散,两年共收到孢粉63027粒,已鉴定79个科属种;每年出现两次高峰,即3-5月和9-10月。花粉变应原皮试阳性率77.87%,春季主要致敏花粉为黎、油菜、松、柏,秋季主要致敏花粉为蒿、旱冬瓜,蒿属花粉为丽江市致敏性最强的花粉。变态反应性疾病的发生与花粉的数量和种类相关,发病季节与花粉飘散特点相吻合。结论花粉是丽江市变态反应性疾病的主要致敏原之一。

Objective To investigate the characteristics of urban airborne pollens dispersal in Lijiang , also to provide evidence in specificity diagnosis, treatment and prevention for allergic diseases patients. Methods A two-year-span investigation on urban airborne pollens of Lijiang was performed from November 1st, 2007 to October 31st, 2009, and meanwhile connected with the disease season of anaphylaxis, allergen cutis testis （c.t.）. Results Perennial dispersal of urban atmospheric pollen in Lijiang with 63,027 sporopollen grains within two years has been found, including 79 families genera and species with two peaks in per year , the former of which appears during March and May, and the latter during September and October. It was discovered that the positive rate of pollen antigen c.t. was 77.87%, and that the genus Artemisia pollen had the strongest allergenicity in Lijiang city, rape, pine and cypress were pollen-allergenic plants in spring while artemisia and alnus nepalensis in autumn. The occurrence of anaphylactic diseases is joined with pollen quantity and type; the disease season tallies with the dispersal features. Conclusions Pollen is the major allergen for anaphylactic diseases in Lijiang city. The conducted investigation has provided evidence for epidemiology research and clinical diagnosis, treatment and prevention on pollen-related hypersensitiveness diseases in Lijiang. It is also significant for the prevention work in tourism for pollen-allergens patients who travel in the city.