云南省曲靖市区气传花粉调查

Airborne Pollen Survey in Urban Area of Qujing City, Yuannan Province

目的为探明曲靖市区气传花粉飘散的种类、数量及季节分布特点,以指导本地区对花粉症的预防和脱敏治疗。方法采用全国统一的重力沉淀法,于2006年7月至2007年7月对曲靖市区进行一年曝片调查,对全年收集到的365张曝片进行显微鉴定和统计处理。结果全年共收到花粉56356粒,其中裸子植物33066粒,占58.7%。被子植物22552粒,占40%。蕨类植物738粒,占1.3%。裸子植物有9个科、属、种,被子植物有49个科、属、种,蕨类植物主要有三缝花和单缝花两个类型。全年有两个花粉高峰,分别为2-4月以松、柏、蔷薇、桑科为主的春季花粉高峰和9-11月以旱冬瓜、蒿属为主的秋季高峰,其他月份花粉数量相差不大。蕨类植物花粉数量不多,但常年均有飘散。结论与全国及云南其他各地比较,曲靖市空气中花粉飘散的数量最多、种类也多,且常年均有飘散,尤其是桑科、豆科、蒿属、柳属、杨属、旱冬瓜、油菜花粉的数量较其他地区更为突出。

Objective To provide guidance for immunotherapy and prevention of pollenosis, the classification and amount of airborne pollens and their seasonal distribution characters was investigated in urban area of Qujing City. Methods The gravity precipitation method was used to collect airborne pollens plates in different places of Qujing City from 2006 July to 2007 July. The collected pollen grains from 365 slides were identified under microscopes. Then collected data were analyzed by statistic method. Results 56 356 counted grains of spores pollens collected, 33 066 grains were pollens of gymnosperm （58.7%） belong to 9 families, genus and species; 22 552 grains were pollens of angiosperma （ 40% ） belong to 49 families, genus and species; 738 grains were spores Pteridophyta （ 1.3% ） which were trilete spore and monolete spore. There are two major pollen seasons. The first one is from February to April, and the major airborn pollens are pines, cypresses, rosaceae and mulberries pollens. The second one is from September to November, the major airborne pollen are alnus nepalensia and sagebrush they can be found in the whole year. Although the spores grains of Pteridophyta are far less than the pollens, they are floating in air the whole year. Conclusion Compared with the data reported from other area of Yunnan Province, even of China, the amount and classification of air pollens in Qujing City are even higher, especially the these pollens such as mulberry, pulse, Artemisia, osier, aspen, wax gourd and rape which are also distributed in other area of China. Some of them are can be found in the whole year.