团队内知识分享行为影响因素的结构性研究

The Structural Analysis of Knowledge Sharing in Team and Influencing Factors

文章以我国高新技术企业为例,对团队内成员间的知识分享行为及其影响因素进行实证研究。研究发现,团队成员间的共享心智模式能够引导成员在所需的情境中与其它成员进行互动,因此对知识分享行为具有显著的正向影响效果,而这种影响效果,会受到成员性格特征的调节影响。对于敬业性的参与者而言,当知识传递者与知识接收者同时具有高敬业性格时,研究共享心智模式对于知识分享的影响效果;对于外向性的参与者而言,当知识传递者具有高外向性格,而知识接收者具有低外向性格时,共享心智模式对于知识分享反而具有显著的影响效果。所以,在团队运作过程中,团队领导者若能通过详细的任务说明以及增进成员的互动等方式,让不同性格的团队成员具有相匹配的心智模式,将有助于团队知识分享行为的产生。

This article studies the relationship between the shared mental model and team members＇ knowledge sharing behaviors.We used network questionnaires to collect full network data of the whole team, and then transferred network data into dyadic data sets to test the hypotheses.The results show that the shared mental model has positive effect on knowledge sharing behaviors, while this positive effect is moderated by personality characteristics of team members.When we consider the knowledge sharer＇s personalities, we find that personality similarity of the knowledge sharer has no positive effect on the relationship between Knowledge Sharing Behavior and Shared Mental, while the conscientiousness and extroversion of the knowledge sharer have positive moderating effects on such relationship.Moreover, we also find the interaction effects between team members＇ personality trait and personality similarity can moderate the relationship between Knowledge Sharing Behavior and Shared Mental.So we should notice the influence of shared mental model and the intermediary role of personality characteristic when we construct a team.First, when leader of the team can give a full and clear explanation to the task or enhance the interac-tion ways of team member, it will promote the emerging of Knowledge Sharing Behavior.Second, we should consider personality characteristics of team member and its supplement fully when we choose team member, In detail, when the knowledge sharer has a high conscientious personality and the knowledge receiver has a similar personality with him, then personality similarity between these two members can play a positive moderator on the relationship between Knowledge Sharing Behavior and Shared Mental.On the other hand, in terms of the extroverted personality, the personality similarity is found to have a negative moderating effect, only when the knowledge sharer has a high extro-verted personality but the knowledge receiver has no similar personality.In the end, this paper discusses the implications of the results and future research on team composition and team dynamics.