新疆干旱区水环境主要问题与形成原因分析

Main Problems of Water Environment and Their Causes in Xinjiang Wei Autonomous Region

采用2001—2006年新疆主要水体检测数据和相关的经济数据,运用序相关系数法等定量和定性研究方法,分析了新疆主要水体存在的问题和发展趋势以及产生问题的主要原因。结果发现,新疆河流水质属于轻度污染,污染程度南疆小于北疆,远离城市河流小于穿城而过河流。河流水质发展趋势稳定;湖库水体属于中度污染,湖泊小于水库污染,湖库水质发展趋势稳定;饮用水源地水体总体良好,水质发展趋势稳定。乌鲁木齐地下水在Ⅳ—Ⅴ间,发展趋势稳定。新疆工业结构重型化,经济快速发展,城市基础设施薄弱,农村面污染严重和水源地保护不力是产生水环境问题的主要原因。

The main problems and changing trends of water environment in Xinjiang Wei Autonomous Region,as well as their causes,are analyzed by Ridit analysis method and other qualitative and quantitative methods based on the water monitoring data and economical data from 2001-2006.Results show that water quality of rivers in Xinjiang is in slight pollution.Water pollution in the north is more serious than that in the south.Water quality of the rivers far from urban areas is better than that through urban construction areas.The changing trends of water quality of rivers are stable.Water qualities of lakes and reservoirs are in medium pollution.Water quality of lakes is better than that of reservoirs.The changing trends of the water qualities of lakes and reservoirs are stable.Water quality of drinking water sources are good basically and its changing trend is stable.Ground water quality in Urumqi is in the degree of Ⅳ—Ⅴ and its changing trend is stable.The main causes leading to the water problems in Xinjiang are the heavy industrial structure,rapid growth economy,weak urban infrastructure,heavy pollution in rural areas,and poor protection of drinking water sources.