新疆和田农村地区60岁以上维吾尔族人群慢性阻塞性肺疾病的流行病学调查

Epidemiologic analysis aged over 60 years people of Uygurs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in rural of Xinjiang

目的了解新疆和田农村地区60岁以上维吾尔族人群慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的患病率及危险因素,为防治慢性阻塞性肺疾病提供科学依据。方法 2009年4月28日～5月30日,采用按自然村整群随机抽样的方法,抽取维吾尔族聚集地新疆和田地区的部分县中户籍登记60岁以上的维吾尔族常住村民(≥5年)为调查对象,实际调查371名,资料完整的342人分为COPD组(78人)和非COPD组(264人),分别对其进行流行病学问卷、体格检查(包括身高、胸围、腹围、体重、皮脂厚度等)及肺功能检测。结果 COPD患病率达22.8%,男性为12.3%,女性为10.5%。不同年龄、不同性别患病率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);单因素分析显示,BMI、厨房无通气设备、慢性咳嗽咳痰(≥3个月)、肺功能值FEV1、FEV1%预计值、FEV1/FVC%等因素在COPD组和非COPD组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素逐步回归分析显示,厨房无通气设备(OR=0.553,95%CI=0.332～0.949,P<0.05)、低BMI(OR=4.179,95%CI=1.276～13.691,P<0.05)、喘息症状(OR=2.302,95%CI=1.263～4.196,P<0.05)是COPD的独立危险因素。结论该地区COPD患病率明显高于其它地区,厨房无通气设备、低BMI、咳嗽咳痰伴随喘息是新疆农村地区维吾尔族老人COPD高发病的独立危险因素,应针对危险因素采取综合干预措施降低发病率。

Objective To survey the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its risk factors about the population aged over 60years in Hetian ares of Xinjiang province and to provide scientific evidence of prevention and treatment for the disease.Methods Using cluster a randomly sampling,residents who were 60years old or older were with questionnaire,physical examinations and lung function tests.Results In this survey,78chronic obstructive pulmonary disease cases were identified with a overall prevalence of 22.8%.The prevalence for male was 12.3%,and the female was 10.5%;There were significant differences in frequent cough（≥3months）,scores of dyspnea,BMI,worse ventilation in kitchen room,a family history of respiratory diseases and asthma,the estimate of FEV,FEV1%,FEV1/FVC%between the Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD）and non-COPD groups except sex and age.Multi variate logistic regression analysis showed that lower body mass index（lower body mass index vs body mass index（OR =4.179,95%CI=1.276～13.691）,frequent cough（OR =2.302,95%CI=1.263～4.196）,worse ventilation in kitchen room（OR=0.553,95%CI=0.332～0.949）were independently predisposing factors of COPD.Conclusion The prevalence of COPD in the southern part of Xinjiang province was higher.Worse ventilation in kitchen room,lower body mass index,frequent cough were independently predisposing factors of COPD.Some comprehensive intervention measures should be taken against the risk factors of the disease.