《四库全书总目》的文学史观和文体观——以集部大小序为中心

The Conception of Literature History and Style of Comprehensive Bibliography of the Four Repositories——Focusing on the Big and Small Preface of Corpus

《四库全书总目》是中国古代最系统的一部文化史、学术史,其中《集部》则是一部叙录体的中国文学批评史,而其大小序则是中国文学批评史提纲。《集部总序》讲《四库全书》集部分为五类的原因,认为集部的别出,是汉代文词自觉的结果,文词的自觉是文学自觉的重要标志。《楚辞类序》对《楚辞》别出一类的原因从传统和形式上作了分析,但未能像《隋志》那样从思想内容上阐述其独特的风格和别列的原因。《总集序》讲总集的源头和分类,它提出的《诗经》是集部之祖的观点,是对经学传统观的挑战。《诗文评序》把诗文评著作分成五类,并对各类的特点进行了简要分析;对"诗文评"在目录学中的地位嬗变作了说明,大体理清了中国文学批评史的发展脉络。

Comprehensive Bibliography of the Four Repositories is one of the most systematic cultural history and academic history works in ancient China. The Corpus of Comprehensive Bibliography of the Four Repositories is a record of the history of Chinese literary criticism. The big and small preface to Corpus is the outline of the history of Chinese literary criticism. As a result of the self-consciousness about inscription in the Hart Dynasty, the main preface to the Corpus explained why the Corpus was divided into five parts, and the self-consciousness about inscription is milestone of the self-consciousness about literary. Preface of Chuci analyzed the reasons for China＇ uniqueness from a traditional and formal viewpoint, but not from its thought-contents as Records of Sui Dynasty did. The preface to Comprehensive collection is about the source and classification of this book, claiming Book of Odes is the origin of Corpus, which challenged the traditional view of study of Confucian classics. Review of poems divided the commentary works inte five types, and made brief analysis on features of each type; meanwhile, it presented an explanation for transmutation of status at ＂review of poems＂ in bibliography, and clarified the developing trail of the history of Chinese literary criticism generally.