2GOLD Executive Committee[DB/OL].Guidelines:Global Strategy for Diagnosis,Management,and Prevention of COPD,November 2006[2006-11-18].http://www.goldcopd.com/Guidelineitem.asp? l1 =2-12 = 1&intId =989.
3Celli BR,MacNee W,Committee members.Standard for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD:a summary of the ATS/ERS position paper.Eur Respir J,2004,23:932-946.
4Celli BR,Cote CG,Marin JM,ct al.The body mass index,airflow obstruction,dyspnea and exercise capacity index in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.N Engl J Med,2004,350:1005-1012.
3Lilienfeld DE, Chan E, Ehland J, et al. Mortality from pulmonary embolism in the United States: 1962 to 1984 [J]. Chest, 1990,98 (5) : 1067-1072.
4Torbicki A, Perrier A, Konstantinides S. Guidelines on the diagno- sis and management of acute pulmonary embolism: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) [J]. 2008,29(18) : 2276 -2315.