制度分析视角下公共休闲产品可持续消费的制约因素探讨

Exploring Restraints on Sustainable Consumption of Public Leisure Products from Institutional Analytical Perspective

在低碳经济背景下,公共休闲产品消费也必须遵循适度、公平、节约等可持续消费原则。但是,财政分权体制和以GDP增长为依据的政绩考核及官员任免制度使政府在公共休闲产品方面投入严重不足,导致公共休闲产品供给无法满足公众可持续消费的需要;产权制度缺失和政府垄断的存在,使公共休闲资源消费中存在着过度消费、过度开发等非持续消费现象;公共休闲资源配置中的公共参与机制的缺失,使不同消费群体之间在公共休闲产品消费方面存在着大量非公平现象。解决问题的对策在于加强制度建设,包括合理划分政府间财权、事权关系,将公共休闲产品的供给纳入地方政府政绩考核体系;加强公共休闲资源产权监督,形成完善的公共休闲资源产权出让制度;完善公共休闲资源配置中的公共选择机制,建立公众参与和表达制度等。

Against the backdrop of low-carbon economy, the consumption public leisure products should also fol- low the sustainable consumptive principles of being moderate, fair and economic. However, there exist various prob- lems such as inadequate investment by the government so that public leisure products are unable to meet consum- ers＇ sustainable consumption. Institutional defects also make public leisure products over-consumed and over-ex- ploited. There exists unfairness among different groups in terms of the consumption of public leisure products. Solu- tions to these problems is to strengthen the system construction, including the rational division of intergovernmental financial rights and personnel relations, and the inclusion of the supply of public leisure products into local govern- ment performance evaluation. It is also necessary to strengthen the supervision of public recreational resources and property rights in order to develop a sound system of transferring ownership of public recreational resources, improve public selective mechanism in allocating public recreational resources and establish a system of public participation and expression.