近代中日两国思想启蒙之比较

The Comparison of Ideological Enlightenments between China and Japan in Modern History

中日两国在步入近代史以前,同属于东亚后进国家,因而两国的近代思想启蒙都具有后进国家思想启蒙的特点,即有明确的对外意识和政治目的。启蒙首先在于唤醒民众的民族意识和国家意识。中日思想启蒙都伴随着对西方文明由表及里的认识过程,启蒙内容都以批判封建专制主义、旧的伦理道德与引进西方近代资产阶级政治理念为主,并把个人的独立与国家的独立富强联系起来。但是,由于国情不同,中日两国的近代思想启蒙在经历的时间长短、时机早晚、启蒙的深度与广度、政府与民众的参与等方面表现出明显的差异。这些差异,对中日两国近代史的发展产生了深刻的影响。

Before entering the modern history, both China and Japan are less developed countries in the East Asia. Therefore, the modern ideological enlightenments in two countries share many things in common, with such charac- teristics as clear opening-up concepts and political goals aiming to awake people＇s consciousness of their nations and countries. The enlightenment is also a process in which people in two countries began to understand the West- ern civilization from the surface to the center, with the focuses on the criticism of ideological absolutism and the old ethics and the introduction of the Western capitalist political concepts. In addition, individual independence is associated with national independence and prosperity. However, due to the different national situations, there are several differences in the enlightenments in such aspects as the duration, the breadth and depth of the influence on the whole society as well as the participation of the government and the people. The above differences have pro- found influences on the development of the modern history in both countries.