小麦品种磷营养特性的类型分析及其年度间稳定性的研究

Study on analysis of types for phosphorus nutrition characteristics and their stabilities over testing years

利用大田试验对１０７份小麦品种的磷营养特性进行了鉴定。结果表明，各品种按其生产力水平和对土壤磷的利用效率可划分为，高产高效、高产中效、高产低效、中产高效、中产中效、中产低效、低产高效以及低产中效８种类型，其出现频率分别为６．５％、３６．５％、８．４％、８．４％、１５％、４．６％、５．６％和１．９％。小麦品种耐低磷特性在不同年度间相当稳定，可以通过土培试验与大田试验相结合的方法进一步筛选出最稳定的“磷高效”小麦种质资源。研究还表明，穗数、千粒重及穗粒数与小麦品种的耐低磷特性密切相关，这均可作为“磷高效”

The phosphorus nutrition characteristics of 107 wheat cultivars evaluated in field experiments.Based on their yielding abilities and P utilization efficiency,the cultivars tested were classified into 8 types.i.e.,high yield and high P utilization efficiency,high yield and moderate P utilization efficiency,high yield low P utilization efficiency,moderate yield and high P utilization efficiency,moderate yield and moderate P utilization efficiency,moderate yield and low P utilization effeciency low yield and hith.P utilization efficiency,and low yield and moderate P utilization efficiency,accounting for 6.5% ,36.5%,8.4%,8.4%,15%,4.6%,5.6% and 1.9% respectively.The results also showed that the tolerance of wheat to low P content was rather stable over testing years,indicating that by combining field experiments with pot cultures,wheat genotypes with stable and high P utilization efficiency might be selected.In addition,it was found that because of their high correlation with tolerance of wheat to low P content,spike number,1000 thousand grain weight and grain number per spike can serve as the field screening criteria for cultivars with high P utilization efficiency.