不同种类人参茎叶中皂苷成分的比较

Comparison of the Saponin Composition in the Stem and Leaf of Different Type of Ginseng

[目的]研究人参茎叶、西洋参茎叶和三七参茎叶中人参皂苷的含量及组成。[方法]采用水提法对人参茎叶和西洋参茎叶总皂苷进行提取,再用TLC和HPLC方法对人参总皂苷组成进行分析,对其皂苷成分进行比较。[结果]水提人参茎叶总皂苷的提取率为6.02%,西洋参茎叶总皂苷的提取率为5.01%。3种人参茎叶总皂苷的TLC和HPLC检测结果表明,人参茎叶中主要皂苷为Re、Rg1、Rd、Rc,其中Re、Rg1、Rd皂苷的含量较高,占总皂苷的53.7%;西洋参茎叶中主要皂苷为Rd、Rb3、Re、Rc,其中Rb3、Rd含量较高,占总皂苷的38.3%;三七参茎叶中主要皂苷为Rb3、Rc、Rb1,其中Rb3含量较高,占总皂苷的17.2%。3种人参茎叶PPD/PPT值表明,人参茎叶为33∶37,主要皂苷为原三醇类;西洋参茎叶为50∶12;而三七参茎叶中几乎不含有原三醇类皂苷。[结论]成功的对不同种类人参茎叶总皂苷成分进行了比较,为不同种类人参茎叶的选择和利用提供了依据。

[Objective] The content and composition of saponin in the stem and leaf of ginseng,American ginseng,and pseudo-ginseng were researched. [Method] Total saponin in the stem and leaf of ginseng,American ginseng was extracted with water extracting method and the composition of the saponin was analyzed and compared with TLC and HPLC method. [Results] The extract rate of saponin in ginseng was 6.02% and in American ginseng,5.01%. By means of the analysis and test of TLC and HPLC,it was showed that main saponin composition in the ginseng stem and leaf was the Re,Rg1,Rd and Rc,among which,the content of Re,Rg1 and Rd was higher,reaching to 53.7% of total saponin; in American ginseng,Rd,Rb3,Re and Rc,among which,the content of Rb3 and Rd was higher,reaching to 38.3% of total saponin; and in the pseudo-ginseng,Rb3,Rc and Rb1,among which the content of Rb3 was higher,reaching to 17.2% of total saponin. The PPD/PPT value in the stem and leaf ginseng was 33：37,which indicated main saponin was one kind of original tri-alcohol; in American ginseng,50：12; and in the pseudo-ginseng there was almost no saponin containing the composition of original tri-alcohol. [Conclusion] The comparison and analysis of the saponin components in the different types of ginsengs were successfully conducted,which could provide the basis of the selection and use of the stem and leaf from different types of ginsengs.