一种富营养化水体净化装置对污水处理效果的研究

Study on the Sewage Treatment Effect of a Kind of Eutrophic Water Purification Device

[目的]利用浮水植物制作富营养化水体净化装置。[方法]经过3个中试池试验,研究一种由漂浮植物凤眼莲、软性填料无纺布及PVC管围隔框组成的富营养化水体净化装置对生活污水的净化效果。[结果]PoolA(加入完整装置)和PoolB(加入仅有植物和围隔框而无软性填料的装置)对主要污染物的平均去除率分别为:总氮43.28%、49.02%,氨氮54.98%、51.38%,硝氮74.78%、78.74%,总磷65.02%、56.52%,可溶磷74.82%、67.83%,化学需氧量(COD)38.63%、34.34%,5d生化需氧量(BOD5)70.42%、63.64%,两者对污水的处理效果无显著性差异。除总氮和硝氮外,PoolA和PoolB对其他测定的污染物去除效果显著好于对照PoolC(未加任何装置)。PoolA和PoolB水体中叶绿素a的含量多在40mg/m3以下,而PoolC的则多在40～120mg/m3,PoolA和PoolB之间无显著性差异,这两个池与PoolC之间差异极显著,叶绿素a含量与水体pH值、COD和BOD5的浓度之间呈极显著的相关关系。[结论]凤眼莲能有效抑制藻类的生长。藻类的大量繁殖可能是造成水体pH值升高的主要因素,藻类丰富的水体不利于COD和BOD5的降解。在适时适量收获植物的情况下,装置围隔框的围隔效果良好;处理2d后,水体的色泽变得澄清,景观效果较理想。

[ Objective] The research aimed to make the eutrophic water purification device by using floating plants. [ Methodl Through three medium-sized pools test, the purification effect of a kind of eutrophic water purifcation device composed of floating plant water hyacinth, soft non-woven packing, PVC pipe enclosure on domestic wastewater was studied. [ Result] The average removal rate of Pool A（adding complete device） and Pool B （ （with water hyacinth and enclosure,without packing）on main pollutants were as follows：Average removal rates in Pool A and Pool B for total nitrogen （TN） were 43.28% and 49.02%, and that for ammonium nitrogen （NH4-N） 54.98% and 51.38% , nitrate （NO3-N） 74.78% and 78.74%, total phosphorus （TP） 65.02% and 56.52%, soluble phosphorus （SP） 74.82% and 67.83%, chemical oxygen demand （COD） 38.63% and 34.34%, and five-day biochemical oxygen demand （ BOD5 ） 70.42% and 63.64%. The treatment effects of the both on the sewage had no significant difference. Except total N and NO3-N, the removal effects of other polhutants by Pool A and Pool B was significant better than Pool C （control）. In Pool A and Pool B, chlorophyll a content was less than 40 rag/m3, and Pool C was mostly 40 - 120 mg/m3. There was no significant difference between Pool A and Pool B, but there was very significant （P 〈 0.01 ） difference between these pools and Pool C. Chlorophyll a content had a significant positively con＇elation （P 〈 0. 01 ） with water pH, content of COD and BOD5. [ Conclusion ] Water hyacinth could effectively inhibit the growth of algae. Mass muhiplication of algae might be the main factors that caused the increase of pH value in water body. Water with rich algae was not beneficial to the degradation of COD and BOD5.