澜沧江自然保护区珍稀濒危保护植物研究

A Study on Rare & Endangered and National Key Protected Plants in Mekong River Natural Reserve

澜沧江自然保护区为国际著名河流澜沧江的直接汇水区。采用样地调查、线路调查并结合询问的方法,对保护区的珍稀濒危保护植物进行种类、分布特点、生境、所在群落特征、种群数量、更新及人为利用状况和受威胁程度等方面的调查。发现国家级保护植物6种、我国珍稀濒危植物6种、云南省级保护植物11种,以及CITES公约附录Ⅱ的保护植物(均为兰科植物)33种。保护区海拔为1500～3426m,上述植物的物种丰富度随海拔梯度变化的规律表现出典型的单峰曲线特征;在海拔2200～2500(2600)m达到峰值,占55种植物的73%。针对该保护区内珍稀濒危物种的威胁现状,认为:中低海拔段(1500～2200m)人为影响显著,适生生境减少和退化,要重点进行植被的恢复和加强保护管理;中海拔段2200～2500(2600)m,人为影响较少,主要是加强宣传和巡护管理;海拔2500(2600)m以上的较高海拔段,管理上注意控制放牧,并杜绝火灾的发生。云南红豆杉、石斛、水青树和合果木等5种种群数量最少且受人为干扰最严重,要优先开展种群调查和监测,采集不同的种源进行人工扩繁,保持和扩大它们的野生居群数量,维持和丰富其遗传多样性。

Mekong river nature reserve is the catchment area of international famous mekong river.By means of the method of sample investigation,route investigation and querying,a investigation about species,distributing features,habitat,community characteristics,population,regeneration and human using situation and threatened txtent was made.It posses 6 national preotected species,11 provincial preotected species and 33 protected species in CITES convention appendixⅡ（all are Orchidaceae）according to the survay.The range of altitude is between 1 500 and 3 426 meters.Above species reflect the typical characteristics of single-peak curve with the rule of altitude elevation variation in the reserve.In the case of current threats situation,the autor consider that human beings＇ effluence is most obvious to the rare and endangered species in middle and low altitude area（1 500-2 200 meters）of reserve and its suitable environment is reducing and degrading,so restorating vegetation and strengthening the protection and management would be the key work.In the middle altitude area between 2 200 and 2 500（2 600）meters effected less by human beings,propagation and patrol and protection management would be mainly strengthened.In higher altitude area where is more than 2 500（2 600）meters,controlling grazing and precluding the fire would be noticed on management.Taxus yunnanensis,Dendrobium sp.,Tetracentren sinense,Paramichelia baillonii,these 5 speices which are disturbed seriously by human bings interference have the smallest number in the reserve.Therefore,investigation and monitoring their population would be prior taken and artificial breeding in their provenance collected from differen population would be did,which can keep and enlarge their quantity of population and maintain their genetic diversity.