高中教育资源均衡配置的效果及其动力学分析

Balanced Allocation of Educational Resources between High Schools:Effects and Its Dynamical Analysis

本文探讨了教育资源均衡配置政策的公平与效率问题,选择河南省新郑市高中招生以均分生源为核心的"均贫富"政策案例作为研究对象,利用相关数据进行实证分析。分析结果表明,均衡政策的采用使得该地的高考升学率整体得到了提高,同时打破了以往高考升学率第一名由一所学校垄断的局面,取而代之以各中学交替成为升学率冠军。政策达到了公平与效率的统一。继而,本文以教育经济学研究的已有理论为逻辑依据,建立动力学演化模型,对上述两个现象的形成机制做出了半定量解释。

This paper focuses on the equity and efficiency of balanced allocation policy of educational resources. The authors take Xinzheng City’s policy as research objectives, in which students are equally distributed among schools by gender and scores. By measuring the rate of students entering colleges in different cities and schools, the paper presents two research findings. One is that the balanced allocation policy increases the whole rate of students entering colleges in Xinzheng City, the other is that every senior high school in Xinzheng has the possibility to have the highest rate of students entering colleges rather than only one school monopolized it before the policy was carried out. By building evolutionary dynamical model and analyzing the fixed points, these two findings are explained reasonably and semi-quantitatively.