马克思的相对过剩人口理论与中国的“民工荒”问题——对我国经济增长方式的一种反思

Marx's Theory of Relative Overpopulation and the Issue of 'Shortage of Migrant Workers'——Reflection over China's Economic Growth Way

2010年春以来,"民工荒"问题蔓延全国,与此同时,"洋黑工"浪潮也加速涌入。有学者将"民工荒"等问题归咎于最低工资标准,也有学者主张中国"应容忍亚非国家向中国大量移民"。本文认为,"民工荒"等问题本质上是资本与劳动的关系问题,受资本积累一般规律的支配,涉及的是马克思的相对过剩人口规律及其在中国的特殊表现;有关劳资关系的主张和政策不应只考虑资方的利益,而应顾及这种主张和政策将对中国工人特别是农民工造成的影响。从马克思的资本理论尤其是相对过剩人口理论来分析,将有助于我们认识和应对我国今后几年仍将面临的"民工荒"以及"洋黑工"问题,反思和转变我国的经济增长方式。

Since the spring of 2010 onward,the whole country has suffered by the shortage of rural workers.Meanwhile,therush of illegal foreign workers is speeding up.Somebody attributes the shortage to the minimum wage standard,other argues that China 'should allow large numbers of immigrants from Africa and Asia countries'.This paper maintains that 'shortage of rural workers' is a problem which is relevant to the employee-employer relation in nature,and it is dominated by the general law of capital accumulation,including the law of relative overpopulation found by Marx and its special manifestation.Therefore,the claims and polices should not consider only the employers' interests,but also its influence on China's workers,especially those rural workers.Marx's theory of capital,especially his theory of relative overpopulation,will be helpful us to explore and deal with the issues of rural workers shortage and illegal foreign workers with which the country will still face for more years,and to reflect and reconsider China 's economic growth way.