世界能源消费的差异性与不平衡性及其变化研究

A Study on the Difference and Inequality of World Energy Consumption and Their Changes

世界能源消费存在较大差异性和不平衡性,当前对这一问题的讨论大多是静态和定性分析。本文对世界能源消费的差异性和不平衡性及其变化开展了定量研究。研究表明,能源资源丰裕程度较低、经济发展水平较高、经济增速较快、单位GDP能耗水平较高的地区,其单位GDP能耗下降速度也较快。尽管世界人均用能量的基尼系数有所下降,能源消费不平衡性略有减少,但广大发展中国家能源贫困问题依然严重。发展中国家电力普及性较低、固体能源占居民生活用能比重高。中国为促进世界能源消费平衡发挥了重要作用。在世界各国或地区单位GDP能耗对世界单位GWP能耗下降的贡献中,中国的贡献占了1/3;中国也为降低世界人均用能差异发挥了积极贡献。

There are great difference and inequality in the world energy consumption.Currently most of the discussions on this issue are static and qualitative.This paper quantitatively investigates these differences and inequalities and their changes.It implicates that the energy intensity decline of those regions with poor energy resource endowment,high initial economic development level,high economic growth rate,and high initial energy intensity,will be more rapid.The Gini coefficient of world energy consumption per capita is decreasing slightly,and the inequality of world energy consumption is reduced a little,but the energy poverty issue is still serious in the developing regions.In developing countries,the electrification rate is still low,and solid fuels have taken a large share in residential energy consumption.China has played an important role in promoting the equality of world energy consumption.In the various countries or regions＇ energy intensity reduction,China contributes one thirds to the world reduction.China also contributes much to the inequality of world energy consumption per capita.