全断面隧洞掘进机(TBM)在引黄工程中的应用

Application of the Double-shield and Full-scale Tunnel Boring Machine(TBM)in the YRDP

ＴＢＭ掘进机是目前世界上隧洞施工中最先进的掘进设备。引黄工程总干线６、７、８号隧洞已由它全线贯通，南干线长为８８的４、５、６、７号隧洞也即将由其施工。本文详尽地介绍了ＴＢＭ的构造、工作原理；从施工准备到掘进，衬砌、回填豆砾石及灌浆和出渣的施工过程；以及混凝土预制管片的设计与生产。讨论了ＴＢＭ在引黄工程总干线６、７、８号隧洞施工过程中遇到的溶洞、土层、错台、密封等问题及解决办法，最后对ＴＢＭ在不同地质情况，不同隧洞类型中的应用情况提出了自己的看法。

The double-shield and full-scale tunnel boring machine(TBM)is one of the most advanced heading equipment for the construction of tunnel in the world.Not only was it used in holing the tunnels No.6,7 and 8,of the General Main Line of the YRDP,but it is also to be used in piercing the tunnels No.4,5,6 and 7,of the South Main Line of the YRDP.The overall length of the tunnels No.6,7 and 8,of the General Main Line of the YRDP is 21 km odd.The tunnels pass mainly through limestone formation sandwiching partially the red earch,pliocene series between.Construction of these tunnels was started in August 1994 and broken through in September 1997.The maximum tunneling footage daily reaches up to 65.8 meters and monthly reaches to 1080 6 meters.In this paper,the structure and operating principle of the TBM,its construction procedure from prepartion,heading,lining,backfilling of pea gravel and grouting to spoiling,and the design and manufacture of precast concrete blocks for lining are introduced in detail.Some problems such as limestone cave,earth layer,unevenness of joints between the lining blocks and damage of air-tight seal of TBM met in the course of construction of No.6,7 and 8 tunnels in the General Main Line and the solving means are discussed.Finally,some views on the application of TBM in different geologic conditions and different types of tunnel are given.