上海市青少年肥胖相关饮食行为变迁

Dietary Behaviors Related to Obesity of Adolescents in Shanghai

[目的]比较2004年和2008年上海市青少年肥胖相关行为的发生情况和分布特征,为开展干预和完善青少年健康相关危险行为监测系统提供依据。[方法]采取多阶段随机抽样的方法。2004年10月至12月调查上海101所学校的初一至大四学生共12665名,2008年4月至6月,调查上海43所学校的初一至大四学生共11782名,进行健康相关行为问卷调查。采用不记名方式填写问卷,经逻辑检错后分析有效问卷。用卡方和趋势卡方分析年份和男、女行为发生率的不同,以及行为随年龄变化的趋势。[结果]相对于2004年,学生在2008年每天喝汽水饮料、每周吃西式快餐、擅自吃药减肥等行为方面发生率有所下降,而没有每天吃早餐、用减食和禁食来减肥的有所增多,两年调查的结果差异有统计学意义。学生通过锻炼来减肥和控制体重的比例在2008年有较大的提高,由2004年的21.0%提高到2008年的56.8%。除了2008年的数据中没有每天吃早餐这个行为在男生和女生中无明显差异之外,其他的危险行为在不同性别中分布有差异,差异有统计学意义。采取不良方式减肥或控制体重的人当中女生高于男生,两次调查的结果基本一致。2008年不良减肥行为发生率(28.0%)高于2004年(18.1%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=335.306,P=0.000)。[结论]上海市青少年在与肥胖相关的饮食方面的危险行为发生率比较高,不同年龄阶段男、女生肥胖相关行为发生有所不同。不良减肥行为发生率的升高,提示青少年不良减肥行为值得关注。

[Objective] To compare the situation of obesity-related behaviours in adolescents in Shanghai between 2004 and 2008,in order to provide a scientific basis for planning future intervention measures and for developing the Risk Behaviors Surveillance System for Youths in Shanghai.[Methods] There were 12 665 and 11 782 students from 19 districts of Shanghai surveyed in 2004 and 2008 respctively.Chi-square and trend chi-square were used to assess the difference of dietary behaviors between different sex and between the two years,also to assess the trend of changes with age.[Results] In 2008,some student＇s risk behaviors related to obesity such as ＇drink soft beverage everyday＇,＇eat western style fast food weekly＇,and ＇take diet pill to lose weight or control weight gain＇ were lower than those in 2004;but some other behaviors such as ＇do not have breakfast everyday＇,＇on diet to lose weight or control weight gain＇,and ＇fasting to lose weight or control weight gain＇ in 2008 were higher than those in 2004.The proportion of ＇take exercise to lose weight or control weight gain＇ was 56.8% in 2008,significantly different from the proportion 21.0% in 2004.The proportions were different between sexes,except the ＇do not take breakfast everyday＇ in 2008.The proportions were also different in various ages.More students in 2008 than in 2004 took＂lose weight or control weight gain by unhealthy methods＂.[Conclusion] The proportions of behaviors related to obesity in adolescents of Shanghai are still on high level,and the feature of distribution is different in sex and age.The rise of unhealthy behaviors to loss weight or control weight gain raises a cue that the public health workers have to pay more attention to it.