工频电场作业人员神经行为功能和健康状况的研究

Study on Neurobehavioral Function and Health Condition of Workers under Power Frequency Electric Field

[目的]评价企业变配电场所工作人员的工频电场和磁场暴露情况及其对神经行为功能和健康状况的影响。[方法]使用HI-3604低频电磁场测量仪对18家公司工频作业场所电场强度和磁场强度进行测量。采用WHO推荐的神经行为功能核心测试组合(NCTB)对105名暴露组和110名对照组人员进行神经行为功能测试,使用问卷对两组人员的神经系统方面的不适症状进行调查,并对两组人员进行白细胞数(WBC)、淋巴细胞数(LYMPH)、中性粒细胞数(NEUT)、单核细胞数(MONO)、嗜酸粒细胞数(EO)、嗜碱粒细胞数(BASO)、红细胞数(RBC)、血红蛋白量(HGB)、平均红细胞体积(MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白量(MCH)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、血小板数(PLT)、IgA、IgG、IgM测定。[结果]220kV变电站电场强度明显高于35kV配电间,差别有统计学意义(P<0.01);但二者磁场强度的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在情绪情感方面,暴露组的紧张、抑郁、愤怒、疲劳及慌乱得分均高于对照组(P<0.05),而暴露组的有力分值低于对照组(P<0.05);暴露组视觉保留记忆分值明显低于对照组(P<0.05),正确打点数和总打点数得分均明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。在神经系统不适症状方面,暴露组的头痛、头晕、失眠、多梦、记忆力减退等症状的发生情况明显高于对照组(P<0.01);暴露组LYMPH高于对照组,而MCHC低于对照组,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。IgG、IgM、IgA浓度均值在暴露组和对照组中的差别均未见统计学意义(P>0.05)。[结论]工频电场可能对工人的神经行为功能造成一定影响,长期接触可能造成工人的神经系统不适症状和血液系统的轻微改变,但尚不能肯定工频电场对作业人员免疫系统造成影响。

[Objective] To evaluate the possible effects of power frequency electromagnetic fields（EMF）（50 Hz）on the health condition and neurobehavioral function of workers in transformer stations.[ Methods] Intensity of EMF at transformer stations of 18 factories was measured with HI-3604 EMF radiation meter. Neurobehavioral function of 105 electricians and 110 controls were examined with Neurobehavior Core Test Battery（NCTB）recommended by World Health Organization（WHO）. Some neural discomfort symptoms of the two groups were recorded by questionnaires. Hematological indices of the two groups were determined including IgG, IgM, IgA, leukocyte formulae（neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil）, erythrocyte indices（hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration）and platelet. [Results] Electric field intensity of 220 kV transformer stations was significantly higher than that of 35 kV transformer stations（P 0.01）, but the magnetic field intensity in the two kinds of workplaces were not significantly different（P 0.05）. It showed that in the exposure group the emotional state of tension, depress, anger, fatigue and confusion appeared more obviously than those in the control group（P 0.05）, but the score of vigour was lower（P 0.05）. The average scores of Benton visual retention, correct tapping dots and sum tapping dots of electricians were all lower than those of controls（P 0.05）. The prevalence of headache, dizzy, insomnia, dreamful and hypomnesia in electricians were higher than those in the control group（P 0.01）. Average lymphocyte count of electricians was higher than that of controls（P 0.05）, but mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration level of electricians was lower than that of controls（P 0.05）. There was no significant difference of IgG, IgM and IgA between the two groups.[Conclusion] Neurobehavioral function of electricians working under power frequency electric fields may be impaired to a certain extend. Long term exposure to power frequency electric field may induce neural symptoms and slight alterations in some hematological indices, but it is not concluded that occupational exposure to 50 Hz EMF can influence their immune system.