嘉兴市档案工作人员职业环境真菌的污染状况

Study on Fungal Pollution of Archive Administrator’s Working Environment in Jiaxing

[目的]为了解嘉兴地区档案馆真菌种类的分布情况、档案工作环境的真菌污染程度及其对档案工作人员健康的潜在危害,以便为制定真菌污染控制措施、保护工作人员健康提供依据。[方法]向102名档案馆(局)档案工作人员和105名社会一般人群发放调查表进行现场流行病学调查,了解其职业环境、职业习惯、职业教育以及手部真菌相关皮肤病患病等情况;对档案库房空气、档案资料、被调查人员手部共计192份样品进行采样与检测,结合流行病学调查结果综合分析档案工作职业环境中真菌污染状况与档案工作人员手部真菌相关皮肤病(FRHD)之间的关系。[结果]嘉兴地区档案工作人员职业环境中检出率高的主要真菌种类依次为:青霉(检出率为70.83%)、曲霉(41.15%)、枝孢霉(33.85%)、毛霉(31.77%)、酵母菌(26.56%)、链格孢霉(12.50%)等;嘉兴地区档案库房空气的平均真菌菌落数为354cfu/m3,配备且运行空气质量控制(AQC)系统的库房空气污染水平(107cfu/m3)低于未配备的(602cfu/m3),P<0.05;档案密切接触人员手部的真菌检出量明显高于档案非密切接触人员(P<0.05)。档案工作人员的FRHD患病率较社会一般人群高(P<0.05),而密切接触档案的工作人员的患病风险(OR=2.437)则较非密切接触的工作人员高(OR=1.083);所调查因素中专职档案工作、接触霉变档案是FRHD的职业危险因素(OR分别为11.228、14.707),而档案与健康保护培训和每天注意洗手则是其保护性因素(OR分别为0.105、0.054)。[结论]AQC措施在防霉控霉、改善空气质量与职业环境、保护人员健康中有着重要作用;要降低手部真菌相关皮肤病的职业患病风险应从加强档案与库房管理、改善档案职业环境、重视健康防护培训、提高工作人员职业素养、建立良好职业习惯着手。

[Objective] To study and analyze the situation of fungal pollution of the archive administrator’s working environment in Jiaxing region by surveying with epidemiologic methods and detecting samples,in order to give references for measuring and controlling the pollution and protecting administrator’s health.[Methods] The working environment,occupational habits, vocational education and Fungus-Related Hand Dermatosis（FRHD）of 102archive administrators in Jiaxing were surveyed with field investigation.At the same time,192 samples from storehouse air,archive files and administrator’s both hands were gathered and detected to find out fungal pollution degree and main fungus types.The detected data were analyzed to evaluate the influences of the pollution to administrators’health.[Results] The main fungi with their detecting rates respectively were Penicillium（70.83%）, Aspergillus（41.15%）,Cladosporium（33.85%）,Mucor（31.77%）,Saccharomyces（26.56%）,Alternaria（12.50%）and so on. The whole fungal pollution level of storehouse air in Jiaxing was moderate（354cfu/m3）,but which of those storehouses without any air quality control equipments or systems was high（602cfu/m3）and which of those with those equipments was low（107cfu/m3）.The detected data of fungal quantity from hands of closely archive-contacting personnel（CAC personnel）were higher than those from non- CAC personnel’（sP0.05）.The FRHD suffering rate of archive administrators was higher than that of other ordinary people in society （P0.05）,and among the administrators the suffering risk of CAC personne（lOR=2.437）was obviously higher than that of non-CAC personne（lOR=1.083）.In related vocational factors,full-time archive working and frequently handling moldy files were hazardous factors of FRHD in archive administrators（with OR values of 11.228 and 14.707 respectively）,while occupational education about archives and health protect as well as attaching importance to washing hands were protective one（swith OR values of 0.105 and 0.054 respectively）.[Conclusions] Suffering from FRHD in archive administrators has a obvious correlation to the archive occupation. Air quality control measures play important roles in controlling mold’s growing,improving air quality and protecting administrators’health.It’s necessary to strengthen the manage of archives and storehouses,improve occupational environment,and establish good occupational habits for reducing the risk of FRHD and protecting administrators’health.