我国农村反贫困战略中的社会政策转型研究——发展型社会政策的视角

Social Policy Transformation of China Anti-poverty Strategy:Developmental Social Policy Perspective

我国农村反贫困战略的基本框架是一种亲市场的经济政策与具有"剩余"特征的选择性社会救助,体现在生产性的开发式经济扶贫和处于"激活"程序中的农村五保与医疗救助政策。长期以来,旨在救助贫困者的社会政策成为经济政策的附属者角色,然而贫困者所面临的生计风险需要传统社会政策在扶贫框架中的转型。本文通过分析经济政策与社会政策在诸多方面的联系和差异比较,结合我国农村贫困的现实,以嵌入性要素来理解我国农村社会政策转型的方向。在这方面,发展型社会政策的视角在反贫困战略中提供了可让我们选择的嵌入性要素。它们是:减少风险管理成本的社会资本、反社会排斥的劳动力政策、农村生计的保护与发展、健康与医疗政策的整合以及资产为本的个人账户建设等五个方面。

In China,it is common to see that governments intervene the implementation of anti-poverty policy in forms of economy policies,while the functions related to social policy have been ignored for a long term.However,under the pressure of improving the conditions for the poor,traditional social policies need to be adjusted and transformed in order to speed up rural anti-poverty.Through analyzing the disparities between social and economic policies,this paper explores China's rural social policy transformation with embedded factors from the perspective of developmental social policy,and finally points out five influencing embedded factors which are social costs for decreasing risk management,labor policy with discrimination,the protection for and development of rural life,the integration of healthcare and medical relief policies,and the build-up of individual bank accounts.