《谢尔曼法》第2条意义上的“垄断”

On "Monopolize" in the Sense of Section 2 of the Sherman Act

《谢尔曼法》第2条所调整的"垄断"行为,有三个构成要件:行为人必须具有垄断力,而且从事了限制竞争行为,并且这种行为是出于"特定的意图"。长期以来,前两个要件的含义与证明方法相对确定,但在"意图"的证明上,不同时期有不同的做法。而进入新经济时代以后,在新经济产业,评价垄断地位的传统反垄断法理论受到挑战,市场份额不再是最主要的衡量标准,适用第2条的重心很大程度上转移到市场进入壁垒的考察上。通过经典判例进行考察,可以阐明第2条发展演进的一般过程,从而澄清其含义与分析方法。

There are three requirements that have to be met in determinating the concept ＂monopolize＂ in the sense of Section 2 of the Sherman Act,namely monopoly power,the existence of a restrictive practice,and the specific purpose of that practice.The contents of the former two and the ways to prove them are relative certain but there have been various disputes concerning the evidence of ＂specific purpose＂.Moreover,the traditional antitrust theory has to face with great challenge in the era of New Economy and entry barriers has substituted for market share as the most important element in assessing market power in these industries.A survey on classic cases revails the general course of the development of Section 2,and helps to clarify its meaning and the relevant analyaing methods.