江苏苏锡常地区地下水开采出现的问题及对策研究

STUDIES ON PROBLEMS AND COUNTERMEASURES IN THE EXPLOITATION OF GROUNDWATER IN THE AREA OF SUZHOU, WUXI AND CHANGZHOU

近年来，江苏苏锡常地区地表水由于遭受严重污染，致使地下水开采量逐年增加；又由于缺乏正确认识和科学管理，造成该地区地下水资源长期超采，从而引发了地面沉降、地裂缝等环境地质问题和地质灾害。本文从可持续发展观点出发，为使地下水资源合理开采和保护同步发展，有针对性地探讨了该地区地下水资源合理开发和保护对策。

Suzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou cities are located in the river network plain of south Jiangsu where the surface water system develops well In recent years, exploitation of groundwater is increasing due to the serious pollution of surface water in this area The second and third confined aquifers are exploited heavily in the area As a result of absence of proper knowledge and scientific management, groundwater has been overexploited for a long time, leading to a decline of water level and deterioration of water quality Consequently, a series of environmental geological problems and geologic hazards is arosed, such as land subsidence and surface geofracture, which could cause huge economic losses As for the problems of groundwater exploitation and utilization, appropriate countermeasures must be taken to protect groundwater resources The proposals of reasonable exploitation and protection are discussed in this paper based on the viewpoint of sustainable development First, more aquifers should be exploited to avoid centralized exploitation, and reduce the abstraction of deep aquifers and make full use of shallow aquifer Second, measures of broadening sources of income and reducing expenditure are encouraged For reasonable and full use of groundwater resources, it is necessary to raise repeat utilization ratio of groundwater, avoid wasting water quality and stick to the principal that groundwater should be used repeatedly and economically Meanwhile, artificial recharge should be carried out actively under the condition that recharged water quality must be qualified It is also important to strengthen groundwater resources management, monitoring and protection. The exploitation and protection of groundwater resources should be simultaneous.