杜甫七律对仗的正与变

On the Regular and Variant Form of Antithesis in Eight-line Poems with Seven Characters by Du Fu

杜甫七律的对仗可分为正常和变通两种格式。中间两联对是正常格式,四联对、三联对、颔联或颈联加首联或尾联的两联对、一联对、颔联或颈联流水对是变通格式;工对、邻对、宽对是正常格式,不讲虚实门类差别的远对、不同短语结构的假对、不顾平仄声律的拗对都是变通格式。变通格式是正常格式的调节和补充。

There are 2 forms of antithesis in Du Fu＇s 8-line poems with 7 characters,regular and variant.The 2 antithetical couplets in the middle are regular forms.The 4-antithtical couplets,the 3-antithtical couplets,the 2-antithtical couplets containing the 2nd or the 3rd couplet along with the 1st or the 4th couplet,the 1-antithtical couplets,the continuous antithesis of the 2nd or the 3rd couplets are variant forms.The neat antithesis,the adjacent antithesis and the loose antithesis are regular.The distand antithesis ignoring the difference between the fictitious and real category,the false antithesis of different phrase structures,the hard antithesis ignoring the level and oblique tones are variant forms.These variant forms are the adjustment and complement to the regular forms.