吸烟对慢性阻塞性肺疾病发病机制的影响

Effects of smoking on the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD）的发病率近年来呈现上升趋势,目前已占到了疾病死亡原因的第4位,预计到2020年将上升到第3位.COPD是一个重要的公众健康问题,它是世界范围内引起高发病率和死亡率的一个重要原因.在我国,40岁以上人群COPD的总患病率达8.2%,呼吸系统疾病（其中COPD占很大部分）在农村处于第3位死因、在城市处于第4位死因,每年有一百万人死亡和五百万人致残.因此,对COPD发病机制的研究显的尤为重要,COPD是一种多因素引起的疾病,既有自身的因素,也有环境因素.在环境因素中,吸烟、空气污染及感染是导致COPD发病的三大危险因素,而其中吸烟是最主要的因素.近年来,吸烟对COPD的影响的研究取得了较大的进展,现综述了近几年吸烟对COPD发病机制的影响,同时希望对COPD发病机制的深入研究有一定的意义.

The morbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） is rising recently,which has become the fourth leading cause of death at present and the number is expected to climb to the third by the year 2020. COPD is an important public health problem, a significant cause leading to high morbidity and mortality worldwide. In China, the total prevalence rate of COPD above 40-year-old crowd was 8. 2%. Respiratory system diseases （COPD account for a large proportion of the total） are the third leading cause of death in rural areas while the fourth in large urban areas,resulting in one million deaths and five million disabilities a year. Therefore,it seems to be great significant to study the pathogenesis of COPD. COPD is a disease involving multiple factors, which include self element as well as environmental factors. Smoking, air pollution and infection are the three hazards bringing about COPD during environmental factors, especially smoking is the leading element. Studies of the smoking＇s effects on COPD have progressed greatly in recent years. This article summarizes research into the influence of smoking on the pathogenesis of COPD these years and hopes it will be of certain significance to the further research of the pathogenesis of COPD.