中日两国渔船的性能和发展情况的比较研究

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCES AND DEVELOPMENT STATE OF FISHING BOATS OF CHINA AND JAPAN

本文是在对两国渔业发展情况调查研究的基础上，对比了两国渔船在性能方面的差异，分析了日本渔船的发展趋势，提出了中国渔船近期发展的方向。日本渔船改为节能型后，两国渔船的船型相近，其稳定与适航性指标亦相差不大。日本渔船的装备优于中国的渔船，平均单船功率为46．5kW／艘，中国的平均单船功率为23．03kw／艘。日本渔船的助渔设备、机电设备、制冷设备均较先进，主机推进系统多采用可变螺距螺旋浆或多级减速，中国渔船的推进方式多为定距浆，现在正推广多级减速装置。日本渔船业的发展趋势为：控制规模，提高性能，确保安全，改善适居性。我国渔船的发展方向是：减少渔船的数量，适度发展外海和远洋作业渔船，改善渔船装备，改造小型渔船，大力发展FRP渔船。

On the basis of investigation, this paper compares the differences in theperformances of fishing boats of China and Japan, analyzes the development trendsof Japanese fishing boats, presents the development direction of Chinese fishingboats in the near future.Since the Japanese fishing boats changed from large block coefficient type toenergy saving type, the shell forms of fishing boats of the two countries aresimilar. There are some differences in stability and sea going performance. Theequipment of Japanese fishing boats is better than thar of Chinese fishing boats.The fishing boats have an average power of 46.5kW/boat in Japan and 23.03kW/boat in China. The Japanese fishing boats have advanced fishing-aid equipment,machinery and electric equipment, refrigerators. The main engine propulsion systemof Japanese fishing boats mostly use controllable-pitch propeller or multiple reduction. In the Chinese fishing boats the propulsion systems are mostly fixed bladepropeller, the multiple reduction is being popularized.The development trend of Japanese fishing boat industry is to control its scale,to increase performance, to ensure safety and to improye living standard.The development direction of Chinese fish boat is to reduce the number offishing boats, to develop appropriately the off-sea and far-sea and distance waterfishing boats, to improve the fishing boat equipment,to remake the small fishingboats, to develop the FRP fishing boats.