吉祥草与沿阶草的比较鉴别

Identification of Reineckia carnea(Andr.) Kunth and Ophiopogon japonicus(L.f.) Ker-Gawl.

【目的】从植株外观性状、显微结构特征方面鉴别比较百合科植物吉祥草和沿阶草,为2种植物的生药学研究提供参考依据。【方法】采用植物性状鉴定、显微鉴定的方法。【结果】吉祥草未见形成肉质小块根,叶表皮细胞长方形,叶脉面积小,顶面观未见表皮附属物;叶横切面上下表皮细胞层以内未见机械组织;根茎横切面髓部不明显;根横切面内皮层细胞壁均匀增厚;粉末中偶见方晶。沿阶草须根中部或先端常膨大形成肉质小块根,叶表皮细胞类圆形,排列疏松,叶脉面积大,叶顶面观可见锯形表皮附属物;叶横切面上下表皮细胞层以内可见1～3列切向延长的机械组织;根茎横切面髓部明显;粉末中未见方晶。【结论】吉祥草与沿阶草在外观性状、显微结构特征方面的区别特征可作为2种植物的生药学鉴别依据。

Objective The identification of Reineckia carnea （ Andr. ） Kunth （RCK） and Ophiopogon japonicus （L. f. ） Ker-Gawl. （OJKG） was carried out from the plant appearance traits and their microstructure, thus to provide reference for the study of their pharmacognosy. Methods Macroscopic identification method and microscopic identification method were used. Results No small fleshy root was presented in RCK. For the leaf of RCK, leaf epidermal cells were rectangle, the area of leaf veins was small, and epidermis appendix was not found from the apical view. No mechanical tissue was presented in the upper and lower epidermal cells of the RCK leaf cross-section. The pulp of RCK rhizome cross-section was not obvious, cell wall of endodermis of RCK root cross-section became evenly thick, and solitary crystal was accidentally seen in the RCK fibrous roots powder. As for OJKG, the middle part or the tip of fibrous roots was enlargment and became small root tuber, leaf epidermal cells were quasi-circular and arranged loosely, the area of leaf veins was large, jagged epidermis appendix was found from the apical view, and 1 - 3 lines of tangentially prolonged mechanical tissue were presented in the upper and lower epidermal cells of the RCK leaf cross-section. Rhizome cross-section had obvious pulp. No solitary crystal was seen in the OJKG fibrous roots powder. Conclusion The macroscopic and microscopic differences of RCK and OJKG can be used for their identification.