有机物料对连作平邑甜茶幼苗生长及微生态环境的影响

Effects of Organic Materials on the Growth ofMalus hupehensis var.pingyiensis and Its Microecological Environment under Replant

连作障碍是苹果园更新过程中面临的难题之一,探索减轻苹果连作障碍的有效措施具有理论价值和实践意义。以平邑甜茶为试材,盆栽条件下,研究在连作土中施入腐熟鸡粪、羊粪和牛粪等有机物料对幼苗生物量,土壤酶活性和微生物数量的影响。结果表明:施用有机物料显著提高连作土壤酶活性,与对照相比,处理土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性均有不同程度提高,土壤细菌和放线菌数量均显著增加,真菌数量各处理均显著降低。各处理亦促进了平邑甜茶株高、地径、根系鲜重、根系干重、地上部鲜重和地上部干重增加,其中鸡粪处理增加效果最为显著,分别比对照增加213.91%、80.00%、332.40%、325.78%、487.40%和480.95%,表明有机物料可以不同程度的减轻苹果连作障碍。

Replant disease is one of the most difficult problems in the process of renew of old orchard. It has theoretical and practical significance to explore the effective ways to alleviate apple replant disease.Malus hupehensis var.pingyiensis was chosen as the experimental materials,potted with replant soil. The effects of organic materials including chicken manure,sheep manure,cow manure on seedling biomass,soil enzyme activities and the number of soil microorganisms were investigated. The results showed that application of organic materials significantly increased the activities of soil enzyme. And compared with the control group,the activities of soil urease,catalase,and invertase with treatments ascended in varying degrees. Three treatments markedly increased the amounts of bacteria and actinomycetes but decreased the amount of fungi in soil. All treatments were significantly enhanced plant height,stem diameter close to ground,fresh weight of root,dry weight of root,fresh weight above ground,and dry weight above ground. Among them,chicken manure treatment increased the most,and was 213.91%,80.00%,332.40%,325.78%,487.40% and 480.95% larger than control respectively. All results showed that application of three organic materials could alleviate replant diseases in different degrees.