北京市青贮玉米利用与发展策略

Researches on the Strategy to Utilization and Development of Maize Silage in Beijing

畜牧业是北京农业的重要组成部分,饲料短缺限制了畜牧业进一步发展。青贮玉米具有相对高生物产量和饲用价值,青贮玉米的利用对于缓解饲料短缺问题具有重要作用。通过青贮玉米的应用与推广,提高饲料供应,降低生产成本,促进京郊畜牧业发展具有重要意义。北京玉米种植面积在13.3万hm2左右,品种以普通玉米为主,专用青贮玉米发展较慢,普通型玉米品种作为青贮玉米来用,存在生物产量低、饲用价值相对较差等问题。针对饲料短缺限制畜牧业进一步发展和青贮玉米利用与发展滞后问题,提出实现种植规模化与服务专业化、解决青贮玉米的制种难题、青贮玉米品种应多样化、青贮玉米利用模式高效化、完善青贮玉米推广、政策扶持与政府引导等多项策略。

Livestock farming is the main element of Beijing agricultural industry,forage shortage is the main factor that affects the further development of livestock farming.Maize silage have higher biomass yield and forage usage value,utilizing maize silage have important effects on alleviating the lack of forage.Utilizing and extending maize silage have great significance for increasing forage supply,decreasing the cost of production and promoting the development of livestock farming.The area of maize in Beijing is about 133000 hm 2,most breed is grain maize,the development of maize silage is not so fast,many grain maize varieties are utilized instead of maize silage,there problems that include low biomass yield and valve of forage.In order to resolve the problems of forage shortage and the lagging utilization of maize silage,the author proposes some strategies,including achieving scaled planting and specialized service,resolving the problems of producing hybrids of maize silage,diversifying the maize silage varieties,enhancing the benefit of maize silage by the utilizing mode,improving the maize silage extending,supporting policy and the guidance of governments.