桃花粉活性检测和离体萌发特性的研究

Study on Viability Testing Methods and Germinating Characteristics of Peach Pollen

果树花粉活力直接影响授粉、受精乃至坐果。为了解果树品种的花粉生活力,给引种栽培和杂交育种工作创造有利条件,以桃花粉为试验材料,采用染色方法检测花粉的活性。试验结果表明,含有蓝墨水的花粉培养基,花粉萌发率可以达到64.67%,与对照相比差异不明显,因此该方法比较适合于快速检测花粉活性;固体培养基培养2个品种桃花粉,萌发率比液体培养基培养分别高25%和20%。另外温度、花粉密度、培养基中蔗糖及硼酸浓度都对花粉萌发率和花粉管长度有影响,在温度为24℃、1粒花药/100μL、10%的蔗糖或100mg/L的硼酸的条件下,均有利于花粉萌发和花粉管生长。

Pollen viability directly influences pollination,fertilization and fruit setting in fruit tree.Therefore,it is necessary to study on the pollen viability in fruit tree introduction or hybridization breeding.The pollen viability of Prunus persica was tested in vitro in the present studies.The germination rate was 64.67% in vitro when the culture medium contained blue-ink,which was not significant difference compared with the control.Therefore,blue-ink coloration was suitable for measuring pollen viability in vitro.The pollen germination in the solid medium was better than liquid medium for the two kinds of peach pollen,which was 25% and 20% increment,respectively.Moreover,germination rate and pollen tube length were affected by temperature,pollen density,sucrose and boric acid in medium.The results showed that it was suitable for pollen germination and pollen tube growth at the condition of 24℃,1 anther/100 μL,10% sucrose or 100 mg/L H 3 BO 3.