滇型杂交稻碾磨品质和外观品质的配合力及遗传力分析

Analysis on Combining Ability and Heritability in Milling Quality and Apparent Quality Characters of Dian-type Japonica Hybrid Rice

以生产上广为应用的9个粳稻不育系和8个粳稻恢复系为亲本,采用p×q不完全双列杂交（NCⅡ）设计,对其F1代8个碾磨品质性状和外观品质性状的配合力进行分析。结果表明,这些性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力均达到了显著或极显著水平。精米率、整精米率、精米宽、垩白粒率、垩白度同时受加性效应和非加性效应影响,糙米率、精米长、长宽比主要受基因加性效应的影响。糙米率、精米率、整精米率、精米长、精米宽、长宽比、垩白粒率、垩白度受不育系影响较大。要选育碾磨品质和外观品质好的杂交组合,不育系的选择至关重要。品质性状的狭义遗传力由大到小依次为长宽比、粒长、垩白度、垩白粒率、粒宽、糙米率、精米率、整精米率,变幅在74.93%－30.48%。不育系以滇榆1号A、滇粳优5-1A、合系22-2A、玉溪香谷A较好,恢复系以南34、滇昆香1号、杂8号、南34选较好。

The combining ability for 8 milling quality and apparent quality characters was studies with 9 male sterile lines and 8 restorer lines of Dian-type Japonica Hybrid Rice widely used by the way of p x q incomplete diallel cross （ NC II ） design. Both general combining ability （GCA） and the specific combining ability （SCA） of all characteristics were significant or highly significant. The milled rice ratio, the head milled rice ratio,the milled rice width, the chalky grain ratio and the chalkiness degree were controlled by both additive and non-additive effect. And the brown rice ratio,the milled rice length and ratio of length to width of milled rice were mainly controlled by the additive effect. 8 quality characters were influenced more greatly by sterile lines than by restorer lines. To breeding good combinations for the milling and apparent quality traits of rice,the sterile line choice was very important. The narrow heritability in 8 quality characters ordered from high to low as ratio of length to width of milled rice, the milled rice length, the chalkiness degree, the chalky grain ratio, the milled rice width, the brown rice ratio,the milled rice ratio,the head milled rice ratio. The narrow heritability ranged fi-om 74.93 % and 30.48 %. Based on the GCA and SCA of the parents, sterile lines Dianyu 1 A, Dianjingyou 5-1 A, Hexi 22-2A, Yuxixianggu A, and restorer lines Nan 34, DiankunXiang 1, Za 8 and Nan 34 xuan were recommendable.