玉米秸秆机械还田及播种方式对小麦出苗和产量的影响

Effects of Different Seeding Manner on the Seedling Emergence,Over-winter and Yield of Wheat under Maize Stalk Full Returned to the Field

黄淮平原小麦玉米一年两熟、玉米收获后秸秆机械化直接还田条件下,小麦播种常出现出苗质量不高的问题,从而影响产量。为了解决这一问题,采用播量、播深和镇压三因素裂区试验,研究了不同播种方式对小麦品种济麦22的出苗、越冬及产量表现。结果表明:播量因素显著影响出苗率、越冬率、产量及其构成因素穗数和穗粒数,对以上指标的作用力均在30%以上;镇压极显著影响越冬率,作用力占14.02%;播深对以上各指标均无显著影响。在该试验条件下,播量225万株/hm2基本苗,播深4～5cm,播后镇压处理的播种方式,可保证小麦高质量出苗及安全越冬,达到高产稳产的目的。

The studies were conducted on the effect of different seeding manner on the seedling emergence over-winter and yield of the wheat cultivar ＇ Jimai 22 ＇ under the maize-wheat double cropping system and maize stalk full returned to the fields in the Huang-Huai Plain.The results showed that sowing rate was the main reason which significantly affected the seedling rate,over-winter rate,yield,and yield composition.The affecting force was more than 30% ;Compacting had extremely effect for the over-winter rate,the affecting force was 14.02%;Sowing depth had no any extremely effect for all the test index.Combining the sowing rate,sowing depth,and compacting,it could be concluded that the best combination was 2250000/hm 2 seedling,4-5 cm sowing depth,and compacting in order to make sure the seedling emergence rate,over-winter rate and grain yield.