高考分数的转换、校准和合成

Scoring Methods for College Entrance Examination:Conversion,Moderation and Summation

本文讨论了不同科目设置情形的高考分数的转换、校准与合成方法，包括高考模块化科目的分数等值、有多个分卷的科目总分合成、校内评定成绩的校准、必考科目的分数转换、选考科目的分数校准，以及总分合成。这些分数转换和校准方法，不仅在现行高考的科目设置情况下可以提高计分的合理性和公平性，而且对将来高考科目设置的改革，特别是模块化科目的引进、校内评定的实施，有重要的指导意义和参考价值。

In many jurisdictions of college entrance examinations in China's Mainland, the common scoring method is by summing up the raw scores of different subjects. To improve the fairness and Objectivity of the examinations, the scoring methods need to be examined within the framework of modern test theory and practice. This paper introduced several topics regarding scoring, including： （1） the method for equating optional parts into the compulsory part when the test paper has a compulsory part and two or more optional parts; （2） the method for summating a subject score from different paper marks of the subject; （3） the method for the moderation of school-based assessment scores; and （4） the methods for converting the core subject scores into the standard scores and adjusting the elective subject scores to the scale of the core subject scores. These scoring methods are much sophisticated and lead to a fairer ranking of the candidates than the method directly using the raw scores. Furthermore, these methods provide some important directions and valuable references for the subject scheme reform of college entrance examinations.