从原型理论析礼貌原则

A Prototype Theory Approach to Politeness

本文首先回顾了国内外语言学家对礼貌研究的成果,继而从原型理论入手,在设定交际双方社会地位相同但彼此不熟悉,且一方请求另一方做事情的条件下,就礼貌原则、面子观在不同语境的交际中的运行机制进行具体讨论:(1)说话者如何礼貌地表达自己的请求;(2)听话者如何礼貌地接受说话者的请求;(3)听话者如何礼貌地拒绝说话者的请求。最后,通过分析和举例说明,本文得出结论:采用非典型的表达不失为表达交际者间礼貌的一个良策。

Through analysis and exemplification, this paper attempts to demonstrate how the prototype expression functions to express illoeutor＇s politeness in the following contexts： （Speaker and hearer are not familiar with each other; the speaker requests hearer to set the table） （1） how the speaker expresses his request politely; （2） how the hearer accepts the speakerg request politely; （3） how the hearer refuses the speaker＇s request politely. Finally, through analysis and demonstrations, it concludes that the choice of an atypical expression is a useful way to show the illoeutor＇s politeness.