渤海、黄海、东海M_2潮汐潮流的三维数值模拟

A 3-D numerical simulation of M_2 tides and tidal currents in the Bohai Sea, the Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea

利用建立的一种新的半隐半显三维数值格式，将渤海、黄海、东海作为一个整体，采用球面坐标系下的三维潮波方程组，考虑了引潮力的作用，数值模拟了渤海、黄海、东海的Ｍ２分潮的潮汐与潮流，结果较好地体现了渤海、黄海、东海Ｍ２分潮的特征．通过比较６５个验潮站的实测值与计算值，所得计算结果的振幅差平均为６．４ｃｍ，相角差为６．１°，计算与实测符合良好．本文给出的问潮图与Ｆａｎｇ于１９８６年给出的实测占数值综合结果基本一致．对选取的４７个测流站，比较了各层潮流调和常数Ｕｃｏｓζ、Ｕｓｉｎζ、Ｖｃｏｓζ、Ｖｓｉｎη的计算值与实测值的偏差，偏差绝对值的平均在２．６～４．９ｃｍ／ｓ之间．并比较分析了潮流的垂直结构，所得结果与实测符合较好．首次揭示出回流点的水平位置不随深度变化这一特性．最后给出了Ｍ２分潮的潮能消耗．

Under the spherical coordinate, a new 3-D semi-inplicit numerical model, considering the tide-producing potential, is developedto simulate M_2 tides and tidal currents in the Bohai Sea, the Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea. The computational results coincide with the observed M2 tide in these seas. Compared with 65 gauge stations, it is shown that the averaged absolute difference between thesimulated and the observed amplitudes is only 6.4cm; the averaged difference of phase-lags is 6.4°, The calculated M2 tidal chart consistswith Fang's chart (1986) which was drawn based on both numerical and observational results. Compared with 47 current atations, the averaged absolute deviation between the calculated and observed hamonic constant, Ucosζ, Usinζ, Vcosζ, Vsinη of tidal currents at differentwater layers are from 2. 6cm/s to 4.9 cm/s. The calculated vertical structures of tidal eurrents are also in fairly good agreement with the observed results. It is the first the to reveal that the current-amphidromic points at different layers are located at the same horizontal position.The dissipation of M2 tidal energy is also given.