云南古茶园栽培大叶茶和大理茶群体的叶绿体RPL32-TRNL核苷酸变异和遗传分化

Comparative Study on the Chloroplast RPL32-TRNL Nucleotide Variation within and Genetic Differentiation among Ancient Tea Plantations of Camellia sinensis var. assamica and C. taliensis(Theaceae)from Yunnan,China

对云南地区栽培的大叶茶（Camellia sinensis var. assamica）9个居群和大理茶（C.taliensis）3个居群的遗传多样性和居群遗传结构进行了比较研究。通过对94条叶绿体DNA RPL32-TRNL序列的核苷酸序列变异进行分析,共发现了7个单倍型。研究结果表明,大叶茶（h=0.728,π=0.00469）比大理茶（h=0.610,π=0.00225）拥有更为丰富的遗传变异,但其居群遗传分化水平（Gst=0.580,FST=0.612）却低于大理茶（Gst=0.696,FST=0.773）。AMOVA分析进一步证实了它们的遗传变异主要存在于居群间,且大叶茶（61.21%）低于大理茶（77.34%）。相对于大理茶,遗传多样性水平在本研究所取的大叶茶居群间存在着较大的差异,单倍型多态性水平变化范围为0~0.809,核苷酸多态性水平变化范围为0~0.00487。最后,讨论并提出了科学有效地保护我国古茶园茶种资源的建议和对策。

In order to assess genetic diversity and population structure,nine Camellia sinensis var.assamica and three C.taliensis populations from Yunnan,China were evaluated.Based on nucleotide variation of 94 cpDNA RPL32-TRNL sequences,a total of seven distinct haplotypes were detected in the studied populations.It was apparent that C.sinensis var.assamica（h=0.728,π =0.00469）possessed higher levels of genetic diversity than C.taliensis（h =0.610,π =0.00225）.However,genetic differentiation among populations of C.sinensis var.assamica（Gst=0.580,FST=0.612）was lower than that among C.taliensis populations（Gst=0.696,FST=0.773）.Our AMOVA analysis further revealed that the majority of variation was partitioned among populations of the two taxa,while C.sinensis var.assamica（61.21%）showed lower level of genetic differentiation than C.taliensis（77.34%）.In comparisons to C.taliensis,genetic diversity within C.sinensis var.assamica largely varied among populations,ranging from 0 to 0.809 and from 0 to 0.00487 for haplotype and nucleotide diversity,respectively.Conservation strategies were finally discussed and proposed to efficiently protect ancient tea plantations in China.