微血管多普勒超声在颈内动脉瘤手术中的应用

Appliance of microvascular Doppler ultrasonography in internal carotid artery aneurysms surgery

目的 探讨微血管多普勒超声（MVD）在颈内动脉瘤手术中的应用.方法 采用探头频率20MHz、直径1.5 mm,对32例颈内动脉瘤患者（共计36个动脉瘤）进行动脉瘤夹闭前后血流动力学监测.术后血管造影进行评估.结果 所有患者均能在动脉瘤顶或瘤体部监测到涡流样或毛刺样血流信号、闻及杂音.动脉瘤夹闭术后即刻监测,发现载瘤动脉狭窄8例,闭塞1例 动脉瘤夹闭不全2例,均经调整瘤夹位置,显示载瘤动脉远段的血流频谱形态和音频信号正常,术后经DSA/CTA证实.以上情况的发生与动脉瘤大小及载瘤动脉有粥样硬化斑块有关.结论 MVD可作为颅内动脉瘤手术的常规检测方法,尤其对瘤颈粗、甚至无明显瘤颈的巨大型动脉瘤手术具有指导意义.

Objective The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and reliability of intraoperative microvascular Doppler （MVD） for the assessment of cerebral hemodynamics during internal carotid artery aneurysm surgery. Methods MVD with a 20-MHz probe （1.5 mm diameter） was used before and after clip application on 32 patients who underwent surgery for the treatment of 36 intracranial aneurysms. Assessment of the patency of the parent vessels and all branching arteries was performed. The findings of MVD were analyzed and compared with the postoperative angiography. Results The vascular murmur could be easily detected by MVD in all aneurysms. The aneurysm clip was repositioned on the basis of the MVD findings in 11 out of 32 patients. Among 8 aneurysms MVD exposed to a relevant stenosis of parent artery, one case of supraclinoid segment giant aneurysm was resected and internal carotid artery was reshaped. Blood flow signal of distal internal carotid artery did not appear and clip repositioning resulted in complete obliteration of the aneurysms in 2 of 32 cases. After the aneurysm clipping, MVD demonstrated an absent flow signal in the domes of aneurysms indicating these domes were obliterated completely, which disclosed clearly the patterns, direction, and velocity of blood flow of the parent artery and their branches suggesting patency of these arteries. Postoperative angiography confirmed the complete occlusion of the aneurysm and the patency of adjacent vessels. The incidence of stenosis, occlusion of parent artery and aneurysm failing to be occluded were closely correlated with the size of aneurysm and the parent artery with atherosclerotic plaque. Conclusion It is recommended that using MVD routinely in cerebral aneurysm surgery, especially in large, complicated and giant aneurysms with wide neck or without neck.