大额牛产犊行为观察

Observation on Calving Behavior of Gayal (Bos frontalis)

采用直接观察法对大额牛(Bos frontalis)的产前离群与产后带犊归群、分娩等产犊行为进行了观察。结果表明,(1)野外观察17头临产母牛中,76.47%(13头)的个体在产前(11.23±7.14)d离开社群独行觅食,寻找分娩场所;分娩地点多选择在靠近溪河、地势较高、食物丰富、光照好、地面相对平坦的草地、林边或林中。母牛野外产犊后带犊归群的时间为产后(5.57±2.64)d。(2)在设围栏的人工草地上放牧条件下对6头母牛分娩行为观察表明,产前24～12 h母牛的警觉巡视行为明显增多;产前12～5h表现为烦燥不安和频繁爬跨;产前3～1 h领地行为明显,对分娩地点4～6 m2内长势较高的牧草等进行清理,为新生犊牛行动清除障碍;分娩时间为6:00～18:00时,其中在6:00～7:00时分娩的占66.67%(4/6);母牛从卧地进入分娩至犊牛产出期间起卧(7.00±6.00)次,从卧地到犊牛完全产出需(25.00±5.00)min,胎衣排出的时间为产后(5.64±1.80)h;犊牛(n=6,♂1+♀5)初生体重为(16.46±2.56)kg,母牛无难产现象;母牛对犊牛能及时舔饰,定时授乳和用心守护。犊牛从产出至第一次站稳需(52.70±29.69)min,第一次站稳到吮吸初乳需(38.7±29.14)min,第一次吃初乳到向周边活动需(61.33±1.53)min。

Birth behavior of Gayal（or Minthun,Bos frontalis） cow was directly observed in semi-wild management farm in Lushui County,Yunnan.Thirteen out of 17 females left their herd 11.23 ± 7.14 d in average before they gave birth to look suitable birth site.Usually the birth sites were relatively flat at higher position near creek or rive with abundant food and sunshine.The mothers and their calves rejoined the herd a 5.57 ± 2.64 d later after birth.Females（n = 6） made more watchful walking 24 to 12 hour before gave birth,they showed impatience and mounting behaviors 12 to 5 hour before birth.From 3 to 1 hour before birth,females cleared the birth sites.Six cows gave birth in the duration from 7 am to 6 pm,but 4 of 6 cow produced calf from 6 to 7 o’clock in the morning.Cows got up and lay down（7.00 ± 6.00 times in average） during thedelivery course.It took 25.00 ± 5.00 min for the cows delivered their calves completely.Placenta was expelled 5.60 ± 1.80 h later after the calve was born.The birth weight was 16.46 ± 2.56 kg（n = 6,♂ 1 ＋ ♀5） and cow clicked,lactated and looked calf.It took 52.70 ± 29.69 min for new born calf to stand up,and then took 38.7 ± 29.14 min to suck milk and 61.33 ± 1.53 min later to be able walking.