非流畅性失语患者汉字加工环节的注意力研究

Attention resource allocation deficits in patients with nonfluent aphasia in Chinese character processing

目的 研究非流畅性失语患者在汉字形、音和义加工过程中是否存在注意资源不足/注意分配障碍.方法 将脑卒中后非流畅性失语患者16例设为脑卒中组,另选取相匹配的健康受试者16名设为对照组.2组受试者均进行语言加工单任务（包括汉字默读部件判断任务、汉字默读韵母判断任务和汉字默读语义判断任务）和双任务（包括汉字朗读部件判断任务、汉字朗读韵母判断任务和汉字朗读语义判断任务）测试.比较2组受试者完成各个任务的反应时间和错误率.结果 2组受试者在完成语言加工单任务和双任务时,脑卒中组除在汉字默读部件判断任务时的错误率与对照组差异无统计学意义外（P＞0.05）,其余各项（包括汉字默读韵母判断任务、汉字默读语义判断任务、汉字朗读部件判断任务、汉字朗读韵母判断任务和汉字朗读语义判断任务）时的反应时间和错误率均多于对照组（P＜0.01）.结论 非流畅性失语患者在字形和语音加工阶段存在注意资源不足或注意分配障碍.

Objective To determine whether attention allocation deficits contribute to nonfluent aphasia during orthography, phonology, and semantic processing with Chinese characters. Methods Sixteen patients and sixteen controls participated in single and dual tasks. In the single task participants were required to read Chinese characters silently and to make radical, semantic, and final sound judgments （for example, whether the charactersincluded the sound ＇ang＇ ） simultaneously. During the dual task the only difference was that the participants wereasked to read the presented characters aloud and make the same three judgments. Reaction time and error rate were recorded and analysed. Results Reaction times in orthographic judgment were significantly longer for patients than for controls in both task setups. The error rate was also significantly higher. The patients＇ reaction times in makingphonological judgments in the dual task were significantly longer than in the single task, but there was no significantdifference in error rates between the patients and the controls. In making semantic judgments, neither reaction times nor error rates differed significantly with either the single or dual task protocol. Conclusion Attention allocation deficits play a key role in Chinese character orthographic and phonological processing for nonfluent aphasia sufferers.