伴直肠肛管损伤的开放性骨盆骨折的早期急救处理策略及死亡危险因素分析

Open pelvic fractures associated with anorectal injuries：emergency management strategies and risk factors for mortality

目的 探讨伴有直肠、肛管损伤的开放性骨盆骨折的早期急救处理策略及死亡危险因素.方法 回顾性分析2001年4月至2010年4月两家医院救治的25例伴有直肠、肛管损伤的开放性骨盆骨折患者,男23例,女2例;年龄16～56岁,平均（30.1±10.9）岁.采用Fisher精确概率法及多因素Logistic回归分析法对可能的死亡危险因素进行统计学分析.结果 19例存活,6例死亡,死亡率为24%.经Fisher精确概率法分析显示：骨盆骨折Tile分型、创伤严重程度评分（injury severity score,ISS）、格拉斯哥昏迷评分（glasgow coma score,GCS）及改良创伤评分（revised trauma score,RTS）是此类损伤的死亡危险因素.当Tile分型为C型、ISS≥25分、GCS≤8分或RTS≤8分时,患者的死亡概率较大.对此4个危险因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析后发现,RTS≤8分是此类损伤的独立危险因素.结论 积极稳定血流动力学,创口彻底清创引流,早期结肠造瘘以及骨盆固定是此类损伤早期急救处理的关键.RTS是否≤8分可作为判断患者死亡概率的可靠指标.

Objective To investigate emergency management strategies and risk factors for mortality of open pelvic fractures associated with anorectal injuries.Methods Between April 2001 to April 2010,25 patients of open pelvic fractures associated with anorectal injuries were admitted to Shandong Provincial Hospital and Laigang Hospital,and early emergency treatments of this injury were retrospectively studied.Of these 25 patients,23 were male and the remaining 2 were female,and the mean age was 30.1±10.9 years （range,16-56 years）.Fisher＇s exact test and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the risk factors related to mortality caused by this injury.Results Of the 25 patients,19 survived,other 6 patients were dead.The overall mortality was 24%.Fisher＇s exact test identified that the following risk factors including Tile classification,ISS,GCS and RTS were associated with the injury mortality.Patients with Tile C pelvic fracture ,ISS ≥ 25 points,GCS≤8 points or RTS≤8 points had a high probability of resulting in death.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed with the four variables noted above,and the results demonstrated that RTS ≤ 8 points was the only independent risk factor for mortality of patients with this injury.Conclusion Stabilization of hemodynamic condition,aggressive debridement and irrigation of the wound,early diversion of the fecal stream and early stabilization of pelvic fracture are critical strategies for the emergency management of open pelvic fractures associated with anorectal injuries.Furthermore,based on our findings,it can be concluded that RTS≤8 was reliable for predicting the probability of death in patients with this injury.